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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 18, 679-691, November 1977
Copyright © 1977 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Vitamin A transport in plasma of the non-mammalian vertebrates: isolation and partial characterization of piscine retinol-binding protein

Yoshihiro Shidoji and Yasutoshi Muto

Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan

Studies were conducted to explore vitamin A transport in the non-mammalian vertebrates, especially Pisces, Amphibia, and Reptilia, and to isolate and partially characterize piscine retinol-binding protein. Retinol-containing proteins in fresh plasma obtained from bullfrogs and a turtle exhibited similar properties to those found in mammalian and chicken plasma: i.e., molecular weight of about 60,000-80,000 as estimated by gel filtration and binding affinity to prealbumin on human prealbumin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. In sharp contrast, vitamin A-containing proteins in plasma from larvae of bullfrogs as well as three fishes (carp, blue sharks, and young yellowtails) appeared to be present in plasma as monomeric retinol-binding proteins without any affinity to human prealbumin. On the other hand, plasma vitamin A in the lamprey (Cyclostomes) was found to exist exclusively as an ester form in association with the lipoproteins of hydrated density less than 1.21 g/ml. Piscine retinol-binding protein was isolated from pooled plasma of young yellowtails and was converted (1000-fold purification) to a homogeneous component by a procedural sequence that included gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, chromatography on SP-Sephadex, gel isoelectric focusing, and, finally, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified piscine retinol-binding protein showed physico-chemical properties distinctly different from the mammalian and chicken retinol-binding proteins examined, i.e., a smaller molecular weight of approximately 16,000, a lower isoelectric point of 4.3, a prealbumin mobility on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a lack of binding affinity for human prealbumin; however, it displayed similar characteristics in two ways: a 1:1 molar complex with retinol, and a high content of tryptophan (four residues). These results strongly suggest that the piscine retinol-binding protein is a prototype of the specific vitamin A-transporting protein in plasma of the vertebrates, being modified later in evolution, during phylogenetic development of the vertebrates, to acquire a binding site for prealbumin on the molecule.

Supplementary key words retinol-binding protein-prealbumin complex • 3-dehydroretinol • young yellowtail • frog • tadpole • lamprey

Submitted on November 16, 1976
Accepted on April 20, 1977

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