Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 19, 992-1003, Copyright © 1978 by Lipid Research, Inc.

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Male--female variability in the dietary cholesterol-induced hyperlipoproteinemia of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

LL Rudel and LL Pitts 2d

The characteristics of dietary cholesterol-induced hyperlipoproteinemia were studied in adult Macaca fascicularis to determine if significant male--female differences could be identified. The plasma lipoproteins from individual animals were separated by agarose column chromatography and the resulting size populations of lipoproteins were chemically characterized. The distribution of constituents among the lipoprotein classes was determined. The lipoproteins that increased most significantly in response to dietary cholesterol were the low density lipoproteins (LDL) which were those of region III of the column elution profile. The LDL mass concentrations (in mg/dl of plasma) were not different between males and females. However, these lipoproteins showed a characteristic difference between males and females in response to dietary cholesterol. The primary response in the males was an increased LDL molecular weight. In females, the primary response was an increased number of LDL particles (measured as mumolar concentration). Thus, at the same LDL mass concentration, males had significantly larger LDL particles and yet fewer of them. Analysis of the chemical composition data showed that size differences between LDL of males and females was due primarily to the incorporation of more cholesteryl ester into the LDL particles from male animals; the content per LDL particle of free cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein showed the same proportionality to size for both sexes. Another significant difference between lipoproteins of males and females was in the extent to which the plasma HDL (identified in these studies as the lipoproteins of region IV of the elution profile) decreased in response to dietary cholesterol. Chemical composition differences were also noted. The HDL particles of males and of cholesterol-fed animals contained more cholesteryl ester than did HDL of females and control animals, respectively.
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