Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 21, 739-750, Copyright © 1980 by Lipid Research, Inc.

ARTICLES

Biochemistry of ungerminated and germinated spores of the vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus caledonius: changes in neutral and polar lipids

JP Beilby and DK Kidby

Neutral and polar spore lipids of the vesicular-arbuscular (VA) endophyte Glomus caledonius, were identified and quantitatively determined during spore germination, germ tube growth, and germ tube senescence. There are no previous reports detailing the spore lipid components of any member of the Endogenaceae, which is in the Zygomycotina. The fungus contained 45 to 72% total lipid depending upon its stage of growth. The concentration of neutral lipids decreased during germination while the polar lipids increased. Triacylglycerides were the most abundant neutral lipid, and lesser amounts of diacylglycerides, monoacylglycerides, free fatty acids, bound fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and sterols. The major fatty acids identified by gas--liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were 16:1, 16:0, and 18:1. The minor fatty acids identified were n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturates. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have not been reported before in Zygomycetes. The fatty acid composition of the individual lipid classes was examined. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, with smaller amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The free sterol fraction was in greater quantity than sterol esters during germination and germ tube elongation. The capacity to synthesize sterols was demonstrated. Approximate net rates of change in the different lipid components were calculated. During spore germination and early germ tube growth, there was a net synthesis of lipids, with a large production of free fatty acids, in the germinating spore. Later in the growth period there was a net degradation of lipid, characterized by a large conversion of free fatty acids to unidentified compounds. During this period net free sterol synthesis ceased and sterol ester synthesis continued using the existing free sterol.
CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Trepanier, G. Becard, P. Moutoglis, C. Willemot, S. Gagne, T. J. Avis, and J.-A. Rioux Dependence of Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Fungi on Their Plant Host for Palmitic Acid Synthesis Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2005; 71(9): 5341 - 5347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. A. Olsson, I. M. van Aarle, M. E. Gavito, P. Bengtson, and G. Bengtsson 13C Incorporation into Signature Fatty Acids as an Assay for Carbon Allocation in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2005; 71(5): 2592 - 2599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Bago, C. Cano, C. Azcon-Aguilar, J. Samson, A. P. Coughlan, and Y. Piche Differential morphogenesis of the extraradical mycelium of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus grown monoxenically on spatially heterogeneous culture media Mycologia, May 1, 2004; 96(3): 452 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. van Aarle and P. A. Olsson Fungal Lipid Accumulation and Development of Mycelial Structures by Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 1, 2003; 69(11): 6762 - 6767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Bago, P. E. Pfeffer, J. Abubaker, J. Jun, J. W. Allen, J. Brouillette, D. D. Douds, P. J. Lammers, and Y. Shachar-Hill Carbon Export from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots Involves the Translocation of Carbohydrate as well as Lipid Plant Physiology, March 1, 2003; 131(3): 1496 - 1507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Bago, W. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, J. Jun, R. Arreola, P. J. Lammers, P. E. Pfeffer, and Y. Shachar-Hill Translocation and Utilization of Fungal Storage Lipid in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Plant Physiology, January 1, 2002; 128(1): 108 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Lammers, J. Jun, J. Abubaker, R. Arreola, A. Gopalan, B. Bago, C. Hernandez-Sebastia, J. W. Allen, D. D. Douds, P. E. Pfeffer, et al. The Glyoxylate Cycle in an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus. Carbon Flux and Gene Expression Plant Physiology, November 1, 2001; 127(3): 1287 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Bago, P. E. Pfeffer, and Y. Shachar-Hill Carbon Metabolism and Transport in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Plant Physiology, November 1, 2000; 124(3): 949 - 958. [Full Text]

				B. Bago, P. E. Pfeffer, D. D. Douds Jr., J. Brouillette, G. Bécard, and Y. Shachar-Hill Carbon Metabolism in Spores of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices as Revealed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Plant Physiology, September 1, 1999; 121(1): 263 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Logi, C. Sbrana, and M. Giovannetti Cellular Events Involved in Survival of Individual Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbionts Growing in the Absence of the Host Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 1998; 64(9): 3473 - 3479. [Abstract] [Full Text]