Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 22, 955-960, Copyright © 1981 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Human tissue lipids: occurrence of fatty acid isomers from dietary hydrogenated oils
JB Ohlrogge, EA Emken and RM Gulley
Hydrogenation of vegetable oils produces fatty acids with unusual
structures having trans double bonds and double bonds in new positions of
the acyl chain. This study was designed to determine which of these fatty
acid isomers are incorporated or accumulated in humans during long-term
dietary consumption of hydrogenated fats. The double bond position and
configuration of the octadecenoate fraction of total lipids extracted from
human heart, brain, liver, aorta, and adipose tissue were determined. The
level of trans octadecenoate in the tissues as determined by both direct
gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and by GLC after silver nitrate thin-layer
chromatography ranged between 0.4 and 5.0%, with an average of 2.7%.
Tissues were found to contain trans- octadecenoic isomers having double
bonds between the 6 and 15 positions, whereas cis double bonds were found
to occur between the 6 and 14 positions. The distribution of double bonds
in adipose tissue correlated very closely with the composition of dietary
hydrogenated fat. Thus, essentially all of the unusual octadecenoic fatty
acid isomers that are produced during vegetable oil hydrogenation are
incorporated into human tissue. However, in contrast to results of
short-term (1-6 months) feeding studies of animals, our results suggest
that long-term (20-60 years) consumption of hydrogenated fats by humans
does not lead to substantial preferential accumulation of positional
isomers in human tissue total lipids.
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