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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 26, 194-202, Copyright © 1985 by Lipid Research, Inc.
FH Mattson and SM Grundy
Twenty patients consumed a liquid diet in which the predominant fatty acids
were either saturated (Sat), monounsaturated (Mono), or polyunsaturated
(Poly). The fats in these three diets comprised 40% of total calories and
consisted of palm oil, high-oleic safflower oil, and high-linoleic
safflower oil, respectively. During the third and fourth week of each
dietary period, multiple samples of blood were taken and were analyzed for
plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol in
lipoprotein fractions (VLDL-C, LDL-C, and HDL-C). Twelve of the patients
had normal TG levels; in these patients, both Mono and Poly diets caused
statistically significant and equal lowerings of plasma LDL-C, but the Poly
diet lowered HDL-C levels more frequently than did the Mono diet. Neither
diet changed the level of plasma TG. The proportions of total protein and
the various lipid components in isolated fractions (VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL)
were not altered by the two diets. Eight patients had hypertriglyceridemia;
these individuals showed considerable variability in response to Mono and
Poly diets. Although there was a trend towards reductions in TC and LDL- C
levels by both types of unsaturated fats, the changes were inconsistent;
furthermore, HDL-C concentrations were low on the Sat diet and were
unaffected by either the Mono or the Poly diet. The results of this study
show that oleic acid is as effective as linoleic acid in lowering LDL-C
levels in normo-triglyceridemic patients, and oleic acid seemingly reduces
HDL-C levels less frequently than does linoleic acid. Neither type of
unsaturated fat had striking effects on lipoprotein levels of
hypertriglyceridemic patients.
ARTICLES
Comparison of effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man
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