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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 26, 1015-1035, Copyright © 1985 by Lipid Research, Inc.
AA Spector and MA Yorek
Membrane fatty acid composition, phospholipid composition, and cholesterol
content can be modified in many different kinds of intact mammalian cells.
The modifications are extensive enough to alter membrane fluidity and
affect a number of cellular functions, including carrier-mediated
transport, the properties of certain membrane-bound enzymes, binding to the
insulin and opiate receptors, phagocytosis, endocytosis,
depolarization-dependent exocytosis, immunologic and chemotherapeutic
cytotoxicity, prostaglandin production, and cell growth. The effects of
lipid modification on cellular function are very complex. They often vary
from one type of cell to another, and they do not exert a uniform effect on
all processes in a single cell line. Therefore, it is not yet possible to
make any generalizations or to predict how a given system will respond to a
particular type of lipid modification. Many of the functional responses
probably are caused directly by the membrane lipid structural changes,
which affect either bulk lipid fluidity or specific lipid domains. The
conformation or quaternary structures of certain transporters, receptors,
and enzymes probably are sensitive to changes in the structure of their
lipid microenvironment, leading to changes in activity. Prostaglandin
production is modulated by the availability of substrate fatty acids stored
in the membrane phospholipids, but the underlying chemical mechanism still
involves a change in membrane lipid structure. While this is the most
likely mechanism, the possibility that the membrane lipid compositional
change is an independent event that occurs concurrently but is not causally
related to the functional perturbations also must be considered.
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Membrane lipid composition and cellular function
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