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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 30, 1173-1184, Copyright © 1989 by Lipid Research, Inc.
N Hrboticky, MJ MacKinnon, ML Puterman and SM Innis
The effects of a vegetable oil-based infant formula, virtually devoid of
n-6 and n-3 long chain polyenoid fatty acids (LCP) and high in 18:2(n-6)
and 18:2(n-6)/18:3(n-3) ratio, on brain synaptosome lipid composition and
enzyme thermotropic behavior were studied in neonatal piglets. Term
gestation piglets were fed either sow milk (SMF) or formula (FF) from birth
for 5, 10, 15, or 25 days. Synaptosomal cholesterol, total lipid
phosphorus, and phospholipid class composition did not differ between SMF
and FF piglets. Synaptosomal fatty acid composition, however, was
influenced by diet. The proportion of n-3 LCP, especially 22:6(n-3), was
decreased, while the n-6 LCP, especially 22:4(n-6) and 22:5(n-6), were
increased in FF compared to SMF piglets. These diet-related changes were
most pronounced in the ethanolamine glycerophospholipid fraction and
increased with the duration of feeding. FF thus reversed an apparent
developmental increase in the synaptosomal n-3/n-6 LCP ratio. The monoene
content, especially 18:1, was also reduced in the synaptosomes of FF
compared to SMF pigs. FF had no effect on the activity of synaptosomal
acetylcholinesterase. However, higher transition temperatures for this
enzyme, indicating decreased membrane fluidity, were found in the FF
compared to SMF piglets. The data suggest that exclusive feeding of
proprietary formulae, devoid of LCP and high in 18:2(n-6) and/or the 18:2
(n- 6)/18:3(n-3) ratio, may compromise normal fatty acid accretion and
physical properties of brain synaptosomal membranes.
ARTICLES
Effect of linoleic acid-rich infant formula feeding on brain synaptosomal lipid accretion and enzyme thermotropic behavior in the piglet
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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  P. Coti Bertrand, J. R. O'Kusky, and S. M. Innis Maternal Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acid Deficiency Alters Neurogenesis in the Embryonic Rat Brain J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1570 - 1575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Friesen and S. M. Innis Maternal dietary fat alters amniotic fluid and fetal intestinal membrane essential n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the rat Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): G505 - G510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Denomme, K. D. Stark, and B. J. Holub Directly Quantitated Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acid Intakes of Pregnant Canadian Women Are Lower than Current Dietary Recommendations J. Nutr., February 1, 2005; 135(2): 206 - 211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. M Innis, Z. Vaghri, and D J. King n-6 Docosapentaenoic acid is not a predictor of low docosahexaenoic acid status in Canadian preschool children Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2004; 80(3): 768 - 773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M Innis Essential fatty acids in infant nutrition: lessons and limitations from animal studies in relation to studies on infant fatty acid requirements Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2000; 71(1): 238S - 244S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. d. l. P. Owens and S. M. Innis Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acid Prevent a Decrease in Dopaminergic and Serotoninergic Neurotransmitters in Frontal Cortex Caused by a Linoleic and {alpha}-Linolenic Acid Deficient Diet in Formula-fed Piglets J. Nutr., November 1, 1999; 129(11): 2088 - 2093. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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