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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 31, 1089-1098, Copyright © 1990 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Bile acid metabolism in early life: studies of amniotic fluid
M Nakagawa and KD Setchell
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
Bile acid metabolism of the human fetus was examined in early gestation
(weeks 13-19) and compared with the full-term fetus from the analysis of
amniotic fluid collected from healthy pregnant women. Total individual bile
acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after
solvolysis and hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates. Additionally, bile acids
were separated according to their mode of conjugation by lipophilic anion
exchange chromatography. Qualitatively the bile acid profiles of amniotic
fluid in early gestation were similar and markedly different from those of
full-term fetuses. Chenodeoxycholic acid was the major bile acid identified
in early gestation and concentrations exceeded those of cholic acid, but by
full term this relationship was reversed. Over 50 bile acids were
identified in the amniotic fluids, these included C-1, C-4, and C-6
hydroxylated species and reflected primary hepatic synthesis by the fetus.
At full term, 7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholenoic acid was one of
the major bile acids identified in amniotic fluid. The monohydroxy bile
acids lithocholic and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acids were present in
significant proportions during early gestation, but by full term these
accounted for only a few percent of the total bile acids. Quantitatively
the total bile acid concentration of amniotic fluid was less than 4
mumol/l. The majority of bile acids were found to be glyco- , tauro-, and
sulfate-conjugates. The more hydrophobic bile acids tended to be
preferentially sulfated. These data indicate that significant and major
changes in bile acid metabolism take place between early and late gestation
in the human fetus.

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Copyright © 1990 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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