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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 32, 953-962, Copyright © 1991 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Altered ultrastructural morphology of self-aggregated low density lipoproteins: coalescence of lipid domains forming droplets and vesicles
JR Guyton, KF Klemp and MP Mims
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
Lipid droplets and vesicles can presumably be formed directly from
lipoproteins in the extracellular space in atherosclerosis, but an in vitro
demonstration of the phenomenon in the absence of cellular pathways has
been lacking. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are known to undergo
self-aggregation after brief vortexing in vitro. In the present study, LDL
aggregates were examined by electron microscopy, using new mordant
techniques for lipid visualization, and by chemical analysis. Aggregation
of LDL by vortexing is regularly accompanied by the formation of
comparatively large lipid droplets (up to 600 nm diameter) and vesicles.
Aggregates containing droplets and vesicles were formed after as little as
5 sec of vortexing, and LDL protein and cholesteryl ester were almost
completely (95%) incorporated into aggregates after 4 min vortexing.
Substantial fractions of phospholipid and unesterified cholesterol from the
original LDL remained in solution even after 4 min vortexing, forming large
multilamellar vesicles that did not adhere to the aggregated material.
Spontaneous aggregates retrieved from LDL solutions after prolonged storage
were also examined by electron microscopy, revealing similar lipid droplets
and vesicles. The ultrastructural appearance of LDL aggregated in vitro is
remarkably similar to the appearance of extracellular lipid deposits in
atherosclerosis, lending credence to the hypothesis of direct extracellular
formation of these deposits from lipoproteins.

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Copyright © 1991 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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