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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 34, 1-11, Copyright © 1993 by Lipid Research, Inc.
R Wood, K Kubena, B O'Brien, S Tseng and G Martin
The effect of diets containing 50% of fat calories from butter, butter
enriched with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and margarines with
and without trans fatty acids on the serum lipids of 38 healthy men in a
free-living condition have been determined. Serum lipid responses to the
high level of individual dietary fats were unexpectedly small. The butter
diet produced a small, but significant rise (5%) in the total serum
cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, relative to all
other diets. Enrichment of butter with either olive oil (50/50) or
sunflower oil (50/50) failed to reduce serum lipid levels below habitual
diet values. Hard margarine, containing 29% trans fatty acids, caused a
decrease in apolipoprotein A- I and B levels, but did not change total
serum cholesterol or LDL- cholesterol levels, relative to habitual diet
values. A soft margarine, high in linoleate, with no trans fatty acids
reduced total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B
significantly, relative to all diets. Soft margarine high density
lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels remained unchanged, but apolipoprotein
A-I values were decreased relative to habitual and butter diets. The
quantities of saturated fatty acids and the sum of monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fatty acids consumed on the hard and soft margarines were
equal; therefore, the different response of serum cholesterol and
LDL-cholesterol between these two diets is attributable to the trans fatty
acids in the hard margarine. The data indicate that trans fatty acids are
not metabolically equivalent to the natural cis isomers and that they
affect the serum lipid profile adversely.
ARTICLES
Effect of butter, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched butter, trans fatty acid margarine, and zero trans fatty acid margarine on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2128.
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