| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 34, 1057-1091, Copyright © 1993 by Lipid Research, Inc.
REVIEWS |
M Lafontan and M Berlan
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, INSERM, Unite 317, Institut Louis Bugnard, Faculte de Medecine, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
Five adrenoceptor subtypes are involved in the adrenergic regulation of white and brown fat cell function. The effects on cAMP production and cAMP-related cellular responses are mediated through the control of adenylyl cyclase activity by the stimulatory beta 1-, beta 2-, and beta 3-adrenergic receptors and the inhibitory alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors stimulates phosphoinositidase C activity leading to inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol formation with a consequent mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores and protein kinase C activation which trigger cell responsiveness. The balance between the various adrenoceptor subtypes is the point of regulation that determines the final effect of physiological amines on adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. Large species-specific differences exist in brown and white fat cell adrenoceptor distribution and in their relative importance in the control of the fat cell. Functional beta 3-adrenoceptors coexist with beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in a number of fat cells; they are weakly active in guinea pig, primate, and human fat cells. Physiological hormones and transmitters operate, in fact, through differential recruitment of all these multiple alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors on the basis of their relative affinity for the different subtypes. The affinity of the beta 3-adrenoceptor for catecholamines is less than that of the classical beta 1- and beta 2- adrenoceptors. Conversely, epinephrine and norepinephrine have a higher affinity for the alpha 2-adrenoceptors than for beta 1-, 2-, or 3- adrenoceptors. Antagonistic actions exist between alpha 2- and beta- adrenoceptor-mediated effects in white fat cells while positive cooperation has been revealed between alpha 1- and beta-adrenoceptors in brown fat cells. Homologous down-regulation of beta 1- and beta 2- adrenoceptors is observed after administration of physiological amines and beta-agonists. Conversely, beta 3- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors are much more resistant to agonist-induced desensitization and down- regulation. Heterologous regulation of beta-adrenoceptors was reported with glucocorticoids while sex-steroid hormones were shown to regulate alpha 2-adrenoceptor expression (androgens) and to alter adenylyl cyclase activity (estrogens).
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. S. Lynch and J. G. Ryall Role of {beta}-Adrenoceptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Muscle Wasting and Disease Physiol Rev, April 1, 2008; 88(2): 729 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Kristensen, A. B. Johnsen, J. B. Birk, J. N. Nielsen, B. R. Jensen, Y. Hellsten, E. A. Richter, and J. F. P. Wojtaszewski Absence of humoral mediated 5'AMP-activated protein kinase activation in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during exercise J. Physiol., December 15, 2007; 585(3): 897 - 909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Tsuchiya, H. Sakai, N. Suzuki, F. Iwashima, T. Yoshimoto, M. Shichiri, and Y. Hirata Chronic Blockade of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Reduces Adiposity and Improves Insulin Resistance in High Fat-Induced Obese Mice Endocrinology, October 1, 2007; 148(10): 4548 - 4556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Bartness and C. K. Song Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2007; 48(8): 1655 - 1672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Moro, F. Pillard, I. de Glisezinski, F. Crampes, C. Thalamas, I. Harant, M.-A. Marques, M. Lafontan, and M. Berlan Atrial natriuretic peptide contribution to lipid mobilization and utilization during head-down bed rest in humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): R612 - R617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Polak, C. Moro, E. Klimcakova, M. Kovacikova, M. Bajzova, M. Vitkova, Z. Kovacova, R. Sotornik, M. Berlan, N. Viguerie, et al. The atrial natriuretic peptide- and catecholamine-induced lipolysis and expression of related genes in adipose tissue in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2007; 293(1): E246 - E251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. H. Trevenzoli, M. M. R. Valle, F. B. Machado, R. M. G. Garcia, M. C. F. Passos, P. C. Lisboa, and E. G. Moura Neonatal hyperleptinaemia programmes adrenal medullary function in adult rats: effects on cardiovascular parameters J. Physiol., April 15, 2007; 580(2): 629 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Wu, M. Kazantzis, H. Doege, A. M. Ortegon, B. Tsang, A. Falcon, and A. Stahl Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 Is Required for Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Diabetes, December 1, 2006; 55(12): 3229 - 3237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Warne, C. D. John, H. C. Christian, J. F. Morris, R. J. Flower, D. Sugden, E. Solito, G. E. Gillies, and J. C. Buckingham Gene deletion reveals roles for annexin A1 in the regulation of lipolysis and IL-6 release in epididymal adipose tissue Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2006; 291(6): E1264 - E1273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Penn, L. C. Jordan, E. W. Kelso, J. E. Davenport, and R. B. S. Harris Effects of central or peripheral leptin administration on norepinephrine turnover in defined fat depots Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): R1613 - R1621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Fueger, J. Czernin, I. Hildebrandt, C. Tran, B. S. Halpern, D. Stout, M. E. Phelps, and W. A. Weber Impact of Animal Handling on the Results of 18F-FDG PET Studies in Mice J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2006; 47(6): 999 - 1006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Galvez, J. de Castro, D. Herold, G. Dubrovska, S. Arribas, M. C. Gonzalez, I. Aranguez, F. C. Luft, M. P. Ramos, M. Gollasch, et al. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Mesenteric Vascular Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2006; 26(6): 1297 - 1302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Moro, J. Polak, J. Hejnova, E. Klimcakova, F. Crampes, V. Stich, M. Lafontan, and M. Berlan Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates lipid mobilization during repeated bouts of endurance exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2006; 290(5): E864 - E869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Aftab Guy, D. Sandoval, M. A. Richardson, D. Tate, and S. N. Davis Effects of glycemic control on target organ responses to epinephrine in type 1 diabetes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2005; 289(2): E258 - E265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Robidoux, W. Cao, H. Quan, K. W. Daniel, F. Moukdar, X. Bai, L. M. Floering, and S. Collins Selective Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Kinase 3 and p38{alpha} MAP Kinase Is Essential for Cyclic AMP-Dependent UCP1 Expression in Adipocytes Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2005; 25(13): 5466 - 5479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Giordano, A. Frontini, I. Murano, C. Tonello, M. A. Marino, M. O. Carruba, E. Nisoli, and S. Cinti Regional-dependent Increase of Sympathetic Innervation in Rat White Adipose Tissue during Prolonged Fasting J. Histochem. Cytochem., June 1, 2005; 53(6): 679 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Bowers, T. W. Gettys, V. Prpic, R. B. S. Harris, and T. J. Bartness Short photoperiod exposure increases adipocyte sensitivity to noradrenergic stimulation in Siberian hamsters Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): R1354 - R1360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shi, C. K. Song, A. Giordano, S. Cinti, and T. J. Bartness Sensory or sympathetic white adipose tissue denervation differentially affects depot growth and cellularity Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): R1028 - R1037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Guy, D. Sandoval, M. A. Richardson, D. Tate, P. J. Flakoll, and S. N. Davis Differing physiological effects of epinephrine in type 1 diabetes and nondiabetic humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2005; 288(1): E178 - E186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Martins-Afferri, W. T. L. Festuccia, L. C. C. Navegantes, M. A. R. Garofalo, L. M. Botion, I. C. Kettelhut, and R. H. Migliorini Response to Intra- and Extracellular Lipolytic Agents and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Translocation Are Impaired in Adipocytes from Rats Adapted to a High-Protein, Carbohydrate-Free Diet J. Nutr., November 1, 2004; 134(11): 2919 - 2923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Collins, W. Cao, and J. Robidoux Learning New Tricks from Old Dogs: {beta}-Adrenergic Receptors Teach New Lessons on Firing Up Adipose Tissue Metabolism Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2004; 18(9): 2123 - 2131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Giordano, A. Frontini, M. Castellucci, and S. Cinti Presence and Distribution of Cholinergic Nerves in Rat Mediastinal Brown Adipose Tissue J. Histochem. Cytochem., July 1, 2004; 52(7): 923 - 930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. CALISSENDORFF, K. BRISMAR, and S. ROJDMARK IS DECREASED LEPTIN SECRETION AFTER ALCOHOL INGESTION CATECHOLAMINE-MEDIATED? Alcohol Alcohol., July 1, 2004; 39(4): 281 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. H. Goossens, E. E. Blaak, W. H. M. Saris, and M. A. van Baak Angiotensin II-Induced Effects on Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Blood Flow and Lipolysis in Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2690 - 2696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Cao, K. W. Daniel, J. Robidoux, P. Puigserver, A. V. Medvedev, X. Bai, L. M. Floering, B. M. Spiegelman, and S. Collins p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is the Central Regulator of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Transcription of the Brown Fat Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 2004; 24(7): 3057 - 3067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Pedersen, K. Kristensen, P. A. Hermann, J. A. Katzenellenbogen, and B. Richelsen Estrogen Controls Lipolysis by Up-Regulating {alpha}2A-Adrenergic Receptors Directly in Human Adipose Tissue through the Estrogen Receptor {alpha}. Implications for the Female Fat Distribution J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1869 - 1878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Richterova, V. Stich, C. Moro, J. Polak, E. Klimcakova, M. Majercik, I. Harant, N. Viguerie, F. Crampes, D. Langin, et al. Effect of Endurance Training on Adrenergic Control of Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue of Obese Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2004; 89(3): 1325 - 1331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. CANNON and J. NEDERGAARD Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance Physiol Rev, January 1, 2004; 84(1): 277 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. L. Squire, M. E. Lowe, V. W. Bauer, and M. T. Andrews Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase in a hibernating mammal. II. Cold-adapted function and differential expression Physiol Genomics, December 16, 2003; 16(1): 131 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Sengenes, A. Bouloumie, H. Hauner, M. Berlan, R. Busse, M. Lafontan, and J. Galitzky Involvement of a cGMP-dependent Pathway in the Natriuretic Peptide-mediated Hormone-sensitive Lipase Phosphorylation in Human Adipocytes J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 2003; 278(49): 48617 - 48626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Haluzik, J. Nedvidkova, V. Bartak, I. Dostalova, P. Vlcek, P. Racek, M. Taus, S. Svacina, S. Alesci, and K. Pacak Effects of Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism on Noradrenergic Activity and Glycerol Concentrations in Human Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Assessed with Microdialysis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5605 - 5608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. de Glisezinski, C. Moro, F. Pillard, F. Marion-Latard, I. Harant, M. Meste, M. Berlan, F. Crampes, and D. Riviere Aerobic training improves exercise-induced lipolysis in SCAT and lipid utilization in overweight men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2003; 285(5): E984 - E990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-Y. Liu, J. J. Schultz, and G. A. Brent A Thyroid Hormone Receptor {alpha} Gene Mutation (P398H) Is Associated with Visceral Adiposity and Impaired Catecholamine-stimulated Lipolysis in Mice J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38913 - 38920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Stich, T. Pelikanova, P. Wohl, C. Sengenes, A. Zakaroff-Girard, M. Lafontan, and M. Berlan Activation of {alpha}2-adrenergic receptors blunts epinephrine-induced lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2003; 285(3): E599 - E607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Ramos, M. D. Crespo-Solans, S. del Campo, J. Cacho, and E. Herrera Fat accumulation in the rat during early pregnancy is modulated by enhanced insulin responsiveness Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2003; 285(2): E318 - E328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hobel and J. Culhane Role of Psychosocial and Nutritional Stress on Poor Pregnancy Outcome J. Nutr., May 1, 2003; 133(5): 1709S - 1717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Mills, M. E. Spurlock, and D. J. Smith {beta}-Adrenergic receptor subtypes that mediate ractopaminestimulation of lipolysis J Anim Sci, March 1, 2003; 81(3): 662 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Pelat, P. Verwaerde, J. Galitzky, M. Lafontan, M. Berlan, J.-M. Senard, and J.-L. Montastruc High Isoproterenol Doses Are Required to Activate beta 3-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Functions in Dogs J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2003; 304(1): 246 - 253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Boschmann, J. Jordan, F. Adams, N.-J. Christensen, J. Tank, G. Franke, M. Stoffels, A. M. Sharma, F. C. Luft, and S. Klaus Tissue-Specific Response to Interstitial Angiotensin II in Humans Hypertension, January 1, 2003; 41(1): 37 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Lefrere, P. de Coppet, J.-C. Camelin, S. Le Lay, N. Mercier, N. Elshourbagy, A. Bril, I. Berrebi-Bertrand, B. Feve, and S. Krief Neuropeptide AF and FF Modulation of Adipocyte Metabolism. PRIMARY INSIGHTS FROM FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND EFFECTS ON beta -ADRENERGIC RESPONSIVENESS J. Biol. Chem., October 11, 2002; 277(42): 39169 - 39178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. Cammisotto and L. J. Bukowiecki Mechanisms of leptin secretion from white adipocytes Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): C244 - C250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Sengenes, A. Zakaroff-Girard, A. Moulin, M. Berlan, A. Bouloumie, M. Lafontan, and J. Galitzky Natriuretic peptide-dependent lipolysis in fat cells is a primate specificity Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): R257 - R265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Valet, G. Tavernier, I. Castan-Laurell, J. S. Saulnier-Blache, and D. Langin Understanding adipose tissue development from transgenic animal models J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 835 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Flechtner-Mors, C. P. Jenkinson, A. Alt, G. Adler, and H. H. Ditschuneit In Vivo alpha 1-Adrenergic Lipolytic Activity in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Subjects J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2002; 301(1): 229 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Mick, X. Wang, and K. McCormick White Adipocyte Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Regulation by Insulin Endocrinology, March 1, 2002; 143(3): 948 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Stich, F. Marion-Latard, J. Hejnova, N. Viguerie, C. Lefort, H. Suljkovicova, D. Langin, M. Lafontan, and M. Berlan Hypocaloric Diet Reduces Exercise-Induced {alpha}2-Adrenergic Antilipolytic Effect and {alpha}2-Adrenergic Receptor mRNA Levels in Adipose Tissue of Obese Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1274 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Heffernan, R. J. Summers, A. Thorburn, E. Ogru, R. Gianello, W.-J. Jiang, and F. M. Ng The Effects of Human GH and Its Lipolytic Fragment (AOD9604) on Lipid Metabolism Following Chronic Treatment in Obese Mice and {beta}3-AR Knock-Out Mice Endocrinology, December 1, 2001; 142(12): 5182 - 5189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. C. Turtzo, R. Marx, and M. D. Lane Cross-talk between sympathetic neurons and adipocytes in coculture PNAS, October 12, 2001; (2001) 231478898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. De Glisezinski, F. Marion-Latard, F. Crampes, M. Berlan, J. Hejnova, J. M. Cottet-Emard, V. Stich, and D. Riviere Lack of {alpha}2-adrenergic antilipolytic effect during exercise in subcutaneous adipose tissue of trained men J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2001; 91(4): 1760 - 1765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. W. Bauer, T. L. Squire, M. E. Lowe, and M. T. Andrews Expression of a chimeric retroviral-lipase mRNA confers enhanced lipolysis in a hibernating mammal Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2001; 281(4): R1186 - R1192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-F. Shih and P. V. Taberner EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION ON THE RESPONSE OF MOUSE ADIPOSE TISSUE HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE TO {alpha}2-ADRENOCEPTOR ACTIVATION BY UK 14304 Alcohol Alcohol., September 1, 2001; 36(5): 381 - 387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Fruhbeck, J. Gomez-Ambrosi, F. J. Muruzabal, and M. A. Burrell The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2001; 280(6): E827 - E847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Päth, S. R. Bornstein, M. Gurniak, G. P. Chrousos, W. A. Scherbaum, and H. Hauner Human Breast Adipocytes Express Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Its Receptor System: Increased IL-6 Production by {beta}-Adrenergic Activation and Effects of IL-6 on Adipocyte Function J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2001; 86(5): 2281 - 2288. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Galitzky, C. Sengenès, C. Thalamas, M. A. Marques, J.-M. Senard, M. Lafontan, and M. Berlan The lipid-mobilizing effect of atrial natriuretic peptide is unrelated to sympathetic nervous system activation or obesity in young men J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2001; 42(4): 536 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. FRUHBECK, J. GOMEZ-AMBROSI, and J. SALVADOR Leptin-induced lipolysis opposes the tonic inhibition of endogenous adenosine in white adipocytes FASEB J, February 1, 2001; 15(2): 333 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Marion-Latard, I. De Glisezinski, F. Crampes, M. Berlan, J. Galitzky, H. Suljkovicova, D. Riviere, and V. Stich A single bout of exercise induces {beta}-adrenergic desensitization in human adipose tissue Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2001; 280(1): R166 - R173. [Abst |
