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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 36, 1283-1293, Copyright © 1995 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Z Wang, SB Hall and RH Notter
Surface pressure-area (pi-A) isotherms during dynamic cycling were measured
for films of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and column- separated
fractions of calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE). Emphasis was on defining
the relative importance of lung surfactant phospholipids (PPL), neutral
lipids (N), and hydrophobic proteins (SP) in facilitating dynamic
respreading and surface tension lowering within the interfacial film
itself. Solvent-spread films in a Wilhelmy balance were studied at 23
degrees and 37 degrees C over a range of cycling rates for initial
concentrations giving both monomolecular and surface- excess films. A
striking finding was that PPL films containing the complete mix of
surfactant phospholipids had greatly improved dynamic respreading compared
to DPPC, particularly in surface excess films (30 and 15 Angstrum
2/molecule). Hydrophobic SP gave an additional increase in dynamic
respreading in SP&PL compared to PPL films for initial concentrations
of 60, 30, and 15 Anstrum 2/molecule. Neutral lipids also improved
respreading slightly in N&PL versus PPL films, but maximum surface
pressures in N&PL films at 37 degrees C were consistently the lowest of
any surfactant subfraction. Spread films of SP&PL at 60 and 30 Angstrum
2/molecule had lower maximum pressures than PPL, but maximum pressures were
slightly larger for SP&PL films at high initial concentration (15
Anstrum 2/molecule). Supplementary oscillating bubble studies involving
both adsorption and film dynamics at rapid cycling rate (20 cycles/min)
showed that dispersions of CLSE and SP&PL lowered surface tension to
< 1 mN/m, while PPL and N&PL had elevated minimums of 21 mN/m. These
results show that secondary surfactant phospholipids in addition to DPPC
are important in the film behavior of pulmonary surfactant, giving improved
respreading and overall pi-A isotherms very different from disaturated
phospholipids. Hydrophobic SP also increase respreading in the interfacial
film, in addition to their known action in increasing surfactant
adsorption. SP may also improve film stability at high interfacial
concentrations of phospholipid, although they were destabilizing in more
dilute films. Neutral lipids contributed minor increases in surfactant
respreading, but were consistently detrimental to surface tension lowering.
ARTICLES
Dynamic surface activity of films of lung surfactant phospholipids, hydrophobic proteins, and neutral lipids
Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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