|
|
||||||||
Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 38, 1503-1521, Copyright © 1997 by Lipid Research, Inc.
REVIEWS |
CJ Fielding and PE Fielding
Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Recent data on the roles of vesicle- and 'raft'-mediated pathways in intracellular free cholesterol (FC) transport are reviewed. Cholesterol internalized from plasma lipoproteins is transferred via endocytic vesicles to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), consistent with prior data indicating a key role for this organelle in protein and lipid sorting and transport. Newly synthesized and lipoprotein-derived FC are returned to the cell surface by a common raft-dependent pathway. Intracellular FC transport promotes the delivery of GPI-anchored proteins to the cell surface; it is also an additional mechanism to regulate cell FC content. Many peripheral cells express caveolin, an FC- binding protein localized to plasma membrane caveolae. FC delivery to cell surface caveolae is accelerated by caveolin. Caveolar FC becomes targeted to small, lipid-poor (prebeta-) high density lipoprotein particles. Caveolin may protect quiescent cells, regulating FC efflux more efficiently in response to changing medium lipoprotein concentrations. Overall, these recent findings suggest that cell FC content can be regulated at the levels of both influx and efflux, and indicate key roles for the TGN and in cells expressing caveolin, cell- surface caveolae.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
S. Hambleton, S. P. Steinberg, M. D. Gershon, and A. A. Gershon Cholesterol Dependence of Varicella-Zoster Virion Entry into Target Cells J. Virol., July 15, 2007; 81(14): 7548 - 7558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Xiao, F. Schmitz, V. E. Pricolo, P. Biancani, and J. Behar Role of caveolae in the pathogenesis of cholesterol-induced gallbladder muscle hypomotility Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): G1641 - G1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. N. Tziakas, J. C. Kaski, G. K. Chalikias, C. Romero, S. Fredericks, I. K. Tentes, A. X. Kortsaris, D. I. Hatseras, and D. W. Holt Total Cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes Is Increased in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A New Marker of Clinical Instability? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 29, 2007; 49(21): 2081 - 2089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X.-H. Sun, D. C. Flynn, V. Castranova, L. L. Millecchia, A. R. Beardsley, and J. Liu Identification of a Novel Domain at the N Terminus of Caveolin-1 That Controls Rear Polarization of the Protein and Caveolae Formation J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2007; 282(10): 7232 - 7241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W.-W. Lin, Y.-C. Lin, T.-Y. Chang, S.-H. Tsai, H.-C. Ho, Y.-T. Chen, and V. C. Yang Caveolin-1 Expression Is Associated with Plaque Formation in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits J. Histochem. Cytochem., August 1, 2006; 54(8): 897 - 904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. M. Wang, H. P. Kim, R. Song, and A. M. K. Choi Caveolin-1 Confers Antiinflammatory Effects in Murine Macrophages via the MKK3/p38 MAPK Pathway Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., April 1, 2006; 34(4): 434 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. D. Parr, S. M. Storey, D. M. Mitchell, A. L. McIntosh, M. Zhou, K. D. Mir, and J. M. Ball The Rotavirus Enterotoxin NSP4 Directly Interacts with the Caveolar Structural Protein Caveolin-1 J. Virol., March 15, 2006; 80(6): 2842 - 2854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Harder, G. Vassiliou, H. M. McBride, and R. McPherson Hepatic SR-BI-mediated cholesteryl ester selective uptake occurs with unaltered efficiency in the absence of cellular energy J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2006; 47(3): 492 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Zhu, H. Liao, X. Xie, Y. Yuan, T.-S. Lee, N. Wang, X. Wang, J. Y.-J. Shyy, and M. B. Stemerman Oxidized LDL downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 in human vascular endothelial cells via inhibiting liver X receptor (LXR) Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2005; 68(3): 425 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Veluthakal, I. Chvyrkova, M. Tannous, P. McDonald, R. Amin, T. Hadden, D. C. Thurmond, M. J. Quon, and A. Kowluru Essential Role for Membrane Lipid Rafts in Interleukin-1{beta}-Induced Nitric Oxide Release From Insulin-Secreting Cells: Potential Regulation by Caveolin-1+ Diabetes, September 1, 2005; 54(9): 2576 - 2585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. G. Karnell, R. J. Brezski, L. B. King, M. A. Silverman, and J. G. Monroe Membrane Cholesterol Content Accounts for Developmental Differences in Surface B Cell Receptor Compartmentalization and Signaling J. Biol. Chem., July 8, 2005; 280(27): 25621 - 25628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Zeng, H. Liao, Y. Liu, T.-S. Lee, M. Zhu, X. Wang, M. B. Stemerman, Y. Zhu, and J. Y.-J. Shyy Sterol-responsive Element-binding Protein (SREBP) 2 Down-regulates ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 in Vascular Endothelial Cells: A NOVEL ROLE OF SREBP IN REGULATING CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM J. Biol. Chem., November 19, 2004; 279(47): 48801 - 48807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Rhainds, P. Bourgeois, G. Bourret, K. Huard, L. Falstrault, and L. Brissette Localization and regulation of SR-BI in membrane rafts of HepG2 cells J. Cell Sci., July 1, 2004; 117(15): 3095 - 3105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. P. Atshaves, H. R. Payne, A. L. McIntosh, S. E. Tichy, D. Russell, A. B. Kier, and F. Schroeder Sexually dimorphic metabolism of branched-chain lipids in C57BL/6J mice J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2004; 45(5): 812 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. W. J. Hinrichs, K. Klappe, I. Hummel, and J. W. Kok ATP-binding Cassette Transporters Are Enriched in Non-caveolar Detergent-insoluble Glycosphingolipid-enriched Membrane Domains (DIGs) in Human Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cells J. Biol. Chem., February 13, 2004; 279(7): 5734 - 5738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Stuven, A. Porat, F. Shimron, E. Fass, D. Kaloyanova, B. Brugger, F. T. Wieland, Z. Elazar, and J. B. Helms Intra-Golgi Protein Transport Depends on a Cholesterol Balance in the Lipid Membrane J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 2003; 278(52): 53112 - 53122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Cristian, J. D. Lear, and W. F. DeGrado Use of thiol-disulfide equilibria to measure the energetics of assembly of transmembrane helices in phospholipid bilayers PNAS, December 9, 2003; 100(25): 14772 - 14777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W.-J. Shen, S. Patel, V. Natu, R. Hong, J. Wang, S. Azhar, and F. B. Kraemer Interaction of Hormone-sensitive Lipase with Steroidogeneic Acute Regulatory Protein: FACILITATION OF CHOLESTEROL TRANSFER IN ADRENAL J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 2003; 278(44): 43870 - 43876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Tahir, C. Ren, T. L. Timme, Y. Gdor, R. Hoogeveen, J. D. Morrisett, A. Frolov, G. Ayala, T. M. Wheeler, and T. C. Thompson Development of an Immunoassay for Serum Caveolin-1: A Novel Biomarker for Prostate Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2003; 9(10): 3653 - 3659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. L. Wellington, L. R. Brunham, S. Zhou, R. R. Singaraja, H. Visscher, A. Gelfer, C. Ross, E. James, G. Liu, M. T. Huber, et al. Alterations of plasma lipids in mice via adenoviral-mediated hepatic overexpression of human ABCA1 J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2003; 44(8): 1470 - 1480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. T. Chao, S. S. Fan, J. K. Chen, and V. C. Yang Visualizing caveolin-1 and HDL in cholesterol-loaded aortic endothelial cells J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2003; 44(6): 1094 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Puri, J. R. Jefferson, R. D. Singh, C. L. Wheatley, D. L. Marks, and R. E. Pagano Sphingolipid Storage Induces Accumulation of Intracellular Cholesterol by Stimulating SREBP-1 Cleavage J. Biol. Chem., May 30, 2003; 278(23): 20961 - 20970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. McIntosh, A. M. Gallegos, B. P. Atshaves, S. M. Storey, D. Kannoju, and F. Schroeder Fluorescence and Multiphoton Imaging Resolve Unique Structural Forms of Sterol in Membranes of Living Cells J. Biol. Chem., February 14, 2003; 278(8): 6384 - 6403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Gargalovic and L. Dory Caveolins and macrophage lipid metabolism J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2003; 44(1): 11 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Liu, M. Rudick, and R. G. W. Anderson Multiple Functions of Caveolin-1 J. Biol. Chem., October 25, 2002; 277(44): 41295 - 41298. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Razani, S. E. Woodman, and M. P. Lisanti Caveolae: From Cell Biology to Animal Physiology Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2002; 54(3): 431 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Garrigues, A. E. Escargueil, and S. Orlowski The multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein, actively mediates cholesterol redistribution in the cell membrane PNAS, August 6, 2002; 99(16): 10347 - 10352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Kaplan, X. Gan, J. G. Menke, S. D. Wright, and T.-Q. Cai Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces expression of ABCA1 but not ABCG1 via an LXR-independent pathway J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 952 - 959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. URSINI and A. SEVANIAN Wine Polyphenols and Optimal Nutrition Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., May 1, 2002; 957(1): 200 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Thyberg Caveolae and Cholesterol Distribution in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Different Phenotypes J. Histochem. Cytochem., February 1, 2002; 50(2): 185 - 196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Liao, T. Langmann, G. Schmitz, and Y. Zhu Native LDL Upregulation of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter-1 in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2002; 22(1): 127 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Thomsen, K. Roepstorff, M. Stahlhut, and B. van Deurs Caveolae Are Highly Immobile Plasma Membrane Microdomains, Which Are not Involved in Constitutive Endocytic Trafficking Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2002; 13(1): 238 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Nilsson, H. Ohvo-Rekila, J. P. Slotte, A. E. Johnson, and G. von Heijne Inhibition of Protein Translocation across the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane by Sterols J. Biol. Chem., November 2, 2001; 276(45): 41748 - 41754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Schroeder, A. M. Gallegos, B. P. Atshaves, S. M. Storey, A. L. McIntosh, A. D. Petrescu, H. Huang, O. Starodub, H. Chao, H. Yang, et al. Recent Advances in Membrane Microdomains: Rafts, Caveolae, and Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking Experimental Biology and Medicine, November 1, 2001; 226(10): 873 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. A. Zager, T. Andoh, and W. M. Bennett Renal Cholesterol Accumulation : A Durable Response after Acute and Subacute Renal Insults Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2001; 159(2): 743 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
W. Khovidhunkit, J. K. Shigenaga, A. H. Moser, K. R. Feingold, and C. Grunfeld Cholesterol efflux by acute-phase high density lipoprotein: role of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2001; 42(6): 967 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
V. Shah, S. Cao, H. Hendrickson, J. Yao, and Z. S. Katusic Regulation of hepatic eNOS by caveolin and calmodulin after bile duct ligation in rats Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): G1209 - G1216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. G. Frank, F. Galbiati, D. Volonte, B. Razani, D. E. Cohen, Y. L. Marcel, and M. P. Lisanti Influence of caveolin-1 on cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by high-density lipoproteins Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): C1204 - C1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Pol, R. Luetterforst, M. Lindsay, S. Heino, E. Ikonen, and R. G. Parton A Caveolin Dominant Negative Mutant Associates with Lipid Bodies and Induces Intracellular Cholesterol Imbalance J. Cell Biol., March 5, 2001; 152(5): 1057 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Kachi, A. Yamazaki, and J. Usukura Localization of Caveolin-1 in Photoreceptor Synaptic Ribbons Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2001; 42(3): 850 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
I Miwako, A Yamamoto, T Kitamura, K Nagayama, and M Ohashi Cholesterol requirement for cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor exit from multivesicular late endosomes to the Golgi J. Cell Sci., January 5, 2001; 114(9): 1765 - 1776. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Feron, C. Dessy, J.-P. Desager, and J.-L. Balligand Hydroxy-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibition Promotes Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Through a Decrease in Caveolin Abundance Circulation, January 2, 2001; 103(1): 113 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. von Eckardstein, J.-R. Nofer, and G. Assmann High Density Lipoproteins and Arteriosclerosis : Role of Cholesterol Efflux and Reverse Cholesterol Transport Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2001; 21(1): 13 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Simons and E. Ikonen How Cells Handle Cholesterol Science, December 1, 2000; 290(5497): 1721 - 1726. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Zhu, H.-L. Liao, N. Wang, Y. Yuan, K.-S. Ma, L. Verna, and M. B. Stemerman Lipoprotein Promotes Caveolin-1 and Ras Translocation to Caveolae : Role of Cholesterol in Endothelial Signaling Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2000; 20(11): 2465 - 2470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Radhakrishnan, T. G. Anderson, and H. M. McConnell Condensed complexes, rafts, and the chemical activity of cholesterol in membranes PNAS, October 23, 2000; (2000) 220418097. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
Nadia Khelef, T. T. Soe, O. Quehenberger, N. Beatini, I. Tabas, and F. R. Maxfield Enrichment of Acyl Coenzyme A:Cholesterol O-Acyltransferase Near Trans-Golgi Network and Endocytic Recycling Compartment Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2000; 20(7): 1769 - 1776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. G. Frank and Y. L. Marcel Apolipoprotein A-I: structure;-function relationships J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2000; 41(6): 853 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
W. S. Garver, R. A. Heidenreich, R. P. Erickson, M. A. Thomas, and J. M. Wilson Localization of the murine Niemann-Pick C1 protein to two distinct intracellular compartments J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2000; 41(5): 673 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A. Frolov, A. Petrescu, B. P. Atshaves, P. T. C. So, E. Gratton, G. Serrero, and F. Schroeder High Density Lipoprotein-mediated Cholesterol Uptake and Targeting to Lipid Droplets in Intact L-cell Fibroblasts. A SINGLE- AND MULTIPHOTON FLUORESCENCE APPROACH J. Biol. Chem., April 21, 2000; 275(17): 12769 - 12780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Klucken, C. Buchler, E. Orso, W. E. Kaminski, M. Porsch-Ozcurumez, G. Liebisch, M. Kapinsky, W. Diederich, W. Drobnik, M. Dean, et al. ABCG1 (ABC8), the human homolog of the Drosophila white gene, is a regulator of macrophage cholesterol and phospholipid transport PNAS, January 18, 2000; 97(2): 817 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Stolowich, A. Frolov, A. D. Petrescu, A. I. Scott, J. T. Billheimer, and F. Schroeder Holo-sterol Carrier Protein-2. 13C NMR INVESTIGATION OF CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACID BINDING SITES J. Biol. Chem., December 10, 1999; 274(50): 35425 - 35433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Lange, J. Ye, M. Rigney, and T. L. Steck Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol by plasma membrane cholesterol J. Lipid Res., December 1, 1999; 40(12): 2264 - 2270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Stangl, M. Hyatt, and H. H. Hobbs Transport of Lipids from High and Low Density Lipoproteins via Scavenger Receptor-BI J. Biol. Chem., November 12, 1999; 274(46): 32692 - 32698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. Munn, A. Heese-Peck, B. J. Stevenson, H. Pichler, and H. Riezman Specific Sterols Required for the Internalization Step of Endocytosis in Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 1999; 10(11): 3943 - 3957. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Matveev, D. R. van der Westhuyzen, and E. J. Smart Co-expression of scavenger receptor-BI and caveolin-1 is associated with enhanced selective cholesteryl ester uptake in THP-1 macrophages J. Lipid Res., September 1, 1999; 40(9): 1647 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Oliferenko, K. Paiha, T. Harder, V. Gerke, C. Schwarzler, H. Schwarz, H. Beug, U. Gunthert, and L. A. Huber Analysis of CD44-containing Lipid Rafts: Recruitment of Annexin II and Stabilization by the Actin Cytoskeleton J. Cell Biol., August 23, 1999; 146(4): 843 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. A. Holwell, S. C. Schweitzer, M. E. Reyland, and R. M. Evans Vimentin-dependent utilization of LDL-cholesterol in human adrenal tumor cells is not associated with the level of expression of apoE, sterol carrier protein-2, or caveolin J. Lipid Res., August 1, 1999; 40(8): 1440 - 1452. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Maekawa, C. Sato, K. Kitajima, N. Funatsu, H. Kumanogoh, and Y. Sokawa Cholesterol-dependent Localization of NAP-22 on a Neuronal Membrane Microdomain (Raft) J. Biol. Chem., July 23, 1999; 274(30): 21369 - 21374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||