J. Lipid Res.
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The Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 39, 162-172, January 1998
Copyright © 1998 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Original Article

1-ß-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-alkylphosphonophosphates and diphosphates: new orally active derivatives of ara-C

H. Brachwitza, J. Bergmanna, I. Fichtnera, Y. Thomasb, C. Vollgrafa, P. Langena, and W. E. Berdelb
a Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, R.-Rössle-Str. 10. D-13122 Berlin-Buch, Benjamin Franklin Hospital,
b Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany

Correspondence to: H. Brachwitz.

ara-Cytidine-5'-alkylphosphonophosphates and the corresponding -diphosphates were found to be cytostatically active in vitro against the human mammary epithelial cell line H184 A1N4 and the human mammary tumor cell line MaTu. Our results indicate that the replacement of the diphosphate by the phosphonophosphate group has no influence on antiproliferative activity in this case. The compounds were more active than the corresponding cytidine phospholipid conjugates and related compounds lacking a cytostatically active nucleoside, the ara-C prodrug Cytoros, and were slightly less active than ara-C. The cytostatic effect was prevented by 2'-deoxycytidine indicating their action as prodrugs of ara-C. In contrast to ara-C, they increase [Ca2+]1 in H184 A1N4 cells, pointing to a different mechanism of action in addition to their prodrug effect. In combination with phospholipid analogs, synergistic effects could be observed. Further studies within the disease-oriented in vitro Anticancer Screening Program of the National Cancer Institute show selectivity for certain cancer cell lines. The hexadecyl derivatives revealed a significant antitumor activity in vivo against the murine lymphatic leukemia P 388 cells being equally potent or even superior to ara-C. In contrast to ara-C, they were found to be orally active. Side effects measured as leukopenia and body weight reduction were less pronounced than with the parent drug.—Brachwitz, H., J. Bergmann, I. Fichtner, Y. Thomas, C. Vollgraf, P. Langen, and W. E. Berdel. 1-ß-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-alkylphosphonophosphates and diphosphates: new orally active derivatives of ara-C. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 162–172.

Supplementary key words: ara-C derivatives, alkylphospholipids, calcium, antiproliferative activity, in vivo studies, in vitro studies, drug combination, phosphonophosphates


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