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The Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 39, 369-379, February 1998
Copyright © 1998 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Regulation of caveolin and caveolae by cholesterol in MDCK cells
Deborah Hailstonesa,
Leanne S. Sleera,
Robert G. Partonb, and
Keith K. Stanleya
a The Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Road, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia
b Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Queensland, QLD 4092, Brisbane, Australia
Correspondence to:
Keith K. Stanley.
We have examined the expression of caveolin in MDCK cells under conditions that vary cellular cholesterol concentration. Caveolin mRNA levels dropped to one-sixth of control levels after treatment with simvastatin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, or ß-trimethyl cyclodextrin (CD), a cholesterol sequestering drug. Both simvastatin and CD treatment decreased total cellular cholesterol levels to about 50% of control values. The potent activator of the sterol regulatory element, 25-hydroxycholesterol, showed no direct regulation of caveolin mRNA levels. Caveolin protein concentration was also decreased to 50% of control values in cholesterol-depleted cells, giving rise to a severe attenuation of caveolin expression detected by indirect immunofluorescence labeling. Quantitative electron microscopy showed a total loss of morphologically recognizable invaginated caveolae after these cholesterol depletion treatments. When the number of invaginated caveolae per cell was expressed as a function of the cellular cholesterol content, a threshold phenomenon was observed, suggesting that caveolae only form when the steady state cellular cholesterol is above 50% of control values.
These findings indicate that caveolins, and caveolae, may play an important part in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Hail- stones, D., L. S. Sleer, R. G. Parton, and K. K. Stanley. Regulation of caveolin and caveolae by cholesterol in MDCK cells. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 369379.
Supplementary key words:
caveolae, caveolin, cyclodextrin, 25-hydroxycholesterol, simvastatin

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P. Le, N Benlimame, A Lagana, A Raz, and I. Nabi
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and recycling of autocrine motility factor receptor to fibronectin fibrils is a limiting factor for NIH-3T3 cell motility
J. Cell Sci.,
January 9, 2000;
113(18):
3227 - 3240.
[Abstract]
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G. J. Schroepfer Jr.
Oxysterols: Modulators of Cholesterol Metabolism and Other Processes
Physiol Rev,
January 1, 2000;
80(1):
361 - 554.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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Y. Lange, J. Ye, M. Rigney, and T. L. Steck
Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol by plasma membrane cholesterol
J. Lipid Res.,
December 1, 1999;
40(12):
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[Abstract]
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E. J. Smart, G. A. Graf, M. A. McNiven, W. C. Sessa, J. A. Engelman, P. E. Scherer, T. Okamoto, and M. P. Lisanti
Caveolins, Liquid-Ordered Domains, and Signal Transduction
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
November 1, 1999;
19(11):
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A. L. Munn, A. Heese-Peck, B. J. Stevenson, H. Pichler, and H. Riezman
Specific Sterols Required for the Internalization Step of Endocytosis in Yeast
Mol. Biol. Cell,
November 1, 1999;
10(11):
3943 - 3957.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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R. Luetterforst, E. Stang, N. Zorzi, A. Carozzi, M. Way, and R. G. Parton
Molecular Characterization of Caveolin Association with the Golgi Complex: Identification of a Cis-Golgi Targeting Domain in the Caveolin Molecule
J. Cell Biol.,
June 28, 1999;
145(7):
1443 - 1459.
[Abstract]
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G. H. Rothblat, M. de la Llera-Moya, V. Atger, G. Kellner-Weibel, D. L. Williams, and M. C. Phillips
Cell cholesterol efflux: integration of old and new observations provides new insights
J. Lipid Res.,
May 1, 1999;
40(5):
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[Abstract]
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S. K. Rodal, G. Skretting, O. Garred, F. Vilhardt, B. van Deurs, and K. Sandvig
Extraction of Cholesterol with Methyl-beta -Cyclodextrin Perturbs Formation of Clathrin-coated Endocytic Vesicles
Mol. Biol. Cell,
April 1, 1999;
10(4):
961 - 974.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. Scheiffele, A. Rietveld, T. Wilk, and K. Simons
Influenza Viruses Select Ordered Lipid Domains during Budding from the Plasma Membrane
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 22, 1999;
274(4):
2038 - 2044.
[Abstract]
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P. W. Shaul and R. G. W. Anderson
Role of plasmalemmal caveolae in signal transduction
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,
November 1, 1998;
275(5):
L843 - L851.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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F. J. Field, E. Born, S. Murthy, and S. N. Mathur
Caveolin is present in intestinal cells: role in cholesterol trafficking?
J. Lipid Res.,
October 1, 1998;
39(10):
1938 - 1950.
[Abstract]
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F. Lafont, S. Lecat, P. Verkade, and K. Simons
Annexin XIIIb Associates with Lipid Microdomains to Function in Apical Delivery
J. Cell Biol.,
September 21, 1998;
142(6):
1413 - 1427.
[Abstract]
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S. Parpal, M. Karlsson, H. Thorn, and P. Stralfors
Cholesterol Depletion Disrupts Caveolae and Insulin Receptor Signaling for Metabolic Control via Insulin Receptor Substrate-1, but Not for Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Control
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 23, 2001;
276(13):
9670 - 9678.
[Abstract]
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H. E. Karpen, J. T. Bukowski, T. Hughes, J.-P. Gratton, W. C. Sessa, and M. R. Gailani
The Sonic Hedgehog Receptor Patched Associates with Caveolin-1 in Cholesterol-rich Microdomains of the Plasma Membrane
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 1, 2001;
276(22):
19503 - 19511.
[Abstract]
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P. Gargalovic and L. Dory
Caveolin-1 and Caveolin-2 Expression in Mouse Macrophages. HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN 3-STIMULATED SECRETION AND A LACK OF SIGNIFICANT SUBCELLULAR CO-LOCALIZATION
J. Biol. Chem.,
July 6, 2001;
276(28):
26164 - 26170.
[Abstract]
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L. Abrami, M. Fivaz, T. Kobayashi, T. Kinoshita, R. G. Parton, and F. G. van der Goot
Cross-talk between Caveolae and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-rich Domains
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 10, 2001;
276(33):
30729 - 30736.
[Abstract]
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B. Razani, J. A. Engelman, X. B. Wang, W. Schubert, X. L. Zhang, C. B. Marks, F. Macaluso, R. G. Russell, M. Li, R. G. Pestell, et al.
Caveolin-1 Null Mice Are Viable but Show Evidence of Hyperproliferative and Vascular Abnormalities
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 5, 2001;
276(41):
38121 - 38138.
[Abstract]
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R. T. Watson, S. Shigematsu, S.-H. Chiang, S. Mora, M. Kanzaki, I. G. Macara, A. R. Saltiel, and J. E. Pessin
Lipid raft microdomain compartmentalization of TC10 is required for insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation
J. Cell Biol.,
August 20, 2001;
154(4):
829 - 840.
[Abstract]
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Copyright © 1998 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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