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J. Lipid Res.
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The Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 40, 665-671, April 1999
Copyright © 1999 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Original Article

Urinary excretion of 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(ß-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman is a major route of elimination of {gamma}-tocopherol in humans

J. E. Swansona, R. N. Benb, G. W. Burtonb, and R. S. Parkera
a Division of Nutritional Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
b Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, and Steacie Institute of Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6

Correspondence to: J. E. Swanson

Little is known of the post-absorptive, metabolic fate of {gamma}-tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in North American diets. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of urinary excretion of 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(ß-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman ({gamma}-CEHC), a recently identified metabolite of {gamma}-tocopherol. A method for measurement of urinary {gamma}-CEHC was developed, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with a deuterated internal standard, 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(ß-carboxyethyl)-(3,4-2H2)-6-hydroxychroman (d2-{gamma}-CEHC). This standard was synthesized by dehydrogenation of 6-acetyl-{gamma}-CEHC followed by deuteration of the resulting 3,4-double bond. The use of d2-{gamma}-CEHC resulted in accurate determinations of the concentration of d0-{gamma}-CEHC in human urine. Urine samples containing added d2-{gamma}-CEHC were treated with ß-glucuronidase, extracted with an organic solvent, and analyzed by GC–MS. Analysis of 24-h urine pools from healthy subjects revealed {gamma}-CEHC concentrations, normalized against creatinine, ranging from 2.5 to 31.5 µmol/g creatinine, or a total of 4.6 to 29.8 µmol per day. These results correspond to 2–12 mg {gamma}-tocopherol excreted daily as {gamma}-CEHC in the urine. Given an estimated mean intake of {gamma}-tocopherol of 20 mg/day, catabolism of {gamma}-tocopherol to {gamma}-CEHC, followed by glucuronide conjugation and urinary excretion, is a major pathway for elimination of {gamma}-tocopherol in humans.—Swanson, J. E., R. N. Ben, G. W. Burton, and R. S. Parker. Urinary excretion of 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(ß-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman is a major route of elimination of {gamma}-tocopherol in humans. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 665– 671.

Supplementary key words: vitamin E, {gamma}-chroman acid, tocopherol metabolism, LLU-{alpha}


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