|
|
||||||||
Review |
Correspondence to: James M. Ntambi
The lipid composition of cellular membranes is regulated to maintain membrane fluidity. A key enzyme involved in this process is the membrane-bound stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cellular synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids. A proper ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids contributes to membrane fluidity. Alterations in this ratio have been implicated in various disease states including cardiovascular disease, obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, neurological diseases, immune disorders, and cancer. The regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase is therefore of considerable physiological importance and its activity is sensitive to dietary changes, hormonal imbalance, developmental processes, temperature changes, metals, alcohol, peroxisomal proliferators, and phenolic compounds. Two mouse and rat SCD genes (SCD1 and SCD2) and a single human SCD gene have been cloned and characterized. In the past several years we have studied the dietary influences on the genetic expression of the mouse stearoyl-CoA desaturase. The expression of the mouse SCD genes is regulated by polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol at the levels of transcription and mRNA stability. Promoter elements that are responsible for the polyunsaturated fatty acid repression colocalize with the promoter elements for SREBP-mediated regulation of the SCD genes.
It is the goal of this review to provide an overview of the genetic regulation of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase in response to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.Ntambi, J. M. Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase by polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 1549;1558.
Supplementary key words: stearoyl-CoA desaturase, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, lipid metabolism, SREBPs, gene expression
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
N. P. P. Macciotta, M. Mele, G. Conte, A. Serra, M. Cassandro, R. Dal Zotto, A. Cappio Borlino, G. Pagnacco, and P. Secchiari Association Between a Polymorphism at the Stearoyl CoA Desaturase Locus and Milk Production Traits in Italian Holsteins J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2008; 91(8): 3184 - 3189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Major, K. Ryan, A. J. Bennett, A. L. Lock, D. E. Bauman, and A. M. Salter Inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase activity induces hypercholesterolemia in the cholesterol-fed hamster J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2008; 49(7): 1456 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. J. Bujalska, K. N. Hewitt, D. Hauton, G. G. Lavery, J. W. Tomlinson, E. A. Walker, and P. M. Stewart Lack of Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Impairs Lipid Mobilization from Mouse Adipose Tissue Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2584 - 2591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Kakela, M. Mattila, M. Hermansson, P. Haimi, A. Uphoff, V. Paajanen, P. Somerharju, and M. Vornanen Seasonal acclimatization of brain lipidome in a eurythermal fish (Carassius carassius) is mainly determined by temperature Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): R1716 - R1728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Y. Chung and B. J. Johnson Application of cellular mechanisms to growth and development of food producing animals J Anim Sci, April 1, 2008; 86(14_suppl): E226 - E235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. E. MacDonald, R. R. Singaraja, N. Bissada, P. Ruddle, R. Watts, J. M. Karasinska, W. T. Gibson, C. Fievet, J. E. Vance, B. Staels, et al. Absence of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 ameliorates features of the metabolic syndrome in LDLR-deficient mice J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2008; 49(1): 217 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Li, A. Nanayakkara, J. Jun, V. Savransky, and V. Y. Polotsky Effect of deficiency in SREBP cleavage-activating protein on lipid metabolism during intermittent hypoxia Physiol Genomics, October 19, 2007; 31(2): 273 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Torres-Gonzalez, S. Shrestha, M. Sharman, H. C. Freake, J. S. Volek, and M. L. Fernandez Carbohydrate Restriction Alters Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Guinea Pigs Fed a Hypercholesterolemic Diet J. Nutr., October 1, 2007; 137(10): 2219 - 2223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Mele, G. Conte, B. Castiglioni, S. Chessa, N. P. P. Macciotta, A. Serra, A. Buccioni, G. Pagnacco, and P. Secchiari Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase Gene Polymorphism and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Italian Holsteins J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2007; 90(9): 4458 - 4465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Pavan and S. K. Duckett Corn oil supplementation to steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue. II. Effects on longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid composition and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and expression J Anim Sci, July 1, 2007; 85(7): 1731 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. J. Brock, J. Browse, and J. L. Watts Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans Genetics, June 1, 2007; 176(2): 865 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. B. Flowers, M. E. Rabaglia, K. L. Schueler, M. T. Flowers, H. Lan, M. P. Keller, J. M. Ntambi, and A. D. Attie Loss of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Lean Mice but Worsens Diabetes in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice Diabetes, May 1, 2007; 56(5): 1228 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Shannon, I. B King, R. Moshofsky, J. W Lampe, D. Li Gao, R. M Ray, and D. B Thomas Erythrocyte fatty acids and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Shanghai, China Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2007; 85(4): 1090 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Audi, M. D. Mesa, M. A. Martinez, E. Martinez-Victoria, M. Manas, and M. D. Yago Membrane Lipid Composition of Pancreatic AR42J Cells: Modification by Exposure to Different Fatty Acids Experimental Biology and Medicine, April 1, 2007; 232(4): 532 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. N. Changolkar, C. Costanzi, N. A. Leu, D. Chen, K. J. McLaughlin, and J. R. Pehrson Developmental Changes in Histone macroH2A1-Mediated Gene Regulation Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 2007; 27(7): 2758 - 2764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. C. Kim, A. T. Adesogan, L. Badinga, and C. R. Staples Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on feed intake, digestibility, and fatty acid profiles of the ruminal contents, liver, and muscle of growing lambs J Anim Sci, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 706 - 716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Saether, T. N Tran, H. Rootwelt, H. J Grav, B. O Christophersen, and T. B Haugen Essential fatty acid deficiency induces fatty acid desaturase expression in rat epididymis, but not in testis Reproduction, February 1, 2007; 133(2): 467 - 477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Lehnert, K. A. Byrne, A. Reverter, G. S. Nattrass, P. L. Greenwood, Y. H. Wang, N. J. Hudson, and G. S. Harper Gene expression profiling of bovine skeletal muscle in response to and during recovery from chronic and severe undernutrition J Anim Sci, December 1, 2006; 84(12): 3239 - 3250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Kato, K. Sakaki, and K. Mihara Ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of mammalian ER stearoyl-CoA desaturase J. Cell Sci., June 1, 2006; 119(11): 2342 - 2353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Bhusari, L. B. Hearne, D. E. Spiers, W. R. Lamberson, and E. Antoniou Effect of fescue toxicosis on hepatic gene expression in mice J Anim Sci, June 1, 2006; 84(6): 1600 - 1612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Li, M. Bosch-Marce, A. Nanayakkara, V. Savransky, S. K. Fried, G. L. Semenza, and V. Y. Polotsky Altered metabolic responses to intermittent hypoxia in mice with partial deficiency of hypoxia-inducible factor-1{alpha} Physiol Genomics, May 16, 2006; 25(3): 450 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Lee, S. K. Pinnamaneni, S. J. Eo, I. H. Cho, J. H. Pyo, C. K. Kim, A. J. Sinclair, M. A. Febbraio, and M. J. Watt Saturated, but not n-6 polyunsaturated, fatty acids induce insulin resistance: role of intramuscular accumulation of lipid metabolites J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2006; 100(5): 1467 - 1474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. L Crowe, C M. Skeaff, T. J Green, and A. R Gray Serum fatty acids as biomarkers of fat intake predict serum cholesterol concentrations in a population-based survey of New Zealand adolescents and adults. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2006; 83(4): 887 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Miyazaki, S. M. Bruggink, and J. M. Ntambi Identification of mouse palmitoyl-coenzyme A {Delta}9-desaturase J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2006; 47(4): 700 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Linden, L. William-Olsson, A. Ahnmark, K. Ekroos, C. Hallberg, H. P. Sjogren, B. Becker, L. Svensson, J. C. Clapham, J. Oscarsson, et al. Liver-directed overexpression of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase results in hepatic steatosis, increased triacylglycerol secretion and reduced fatty acid oxidation FASEB J, March 1, 2006; 20(3): 434 - 443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Hong, L. Chen, P. B. Jeppesen, I. Nordentoft, and K. Hermansen Stevioside counteracts the {alpha}-cell hypersecretion caused by long-term palmitate exposure Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2006; 290(3): E416 - E422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. B King, R. N Lemaitre, and M. Kestin Effect of a low-fat diet on fatty acid composition in red cells, plasma phospholipids, and cholesterol esters: investigation of a biomarker of total fat intake Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 227 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. C. Man, M. Miyazaki, K. Chu, and J. M. Ntambi Membrane Topology of Mouse Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 J. Biol. Chem., January 13, 2006; 281(2): 1251 - 1260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Moreau, P. Froment, L. Tosca, V. Moreau, and J. Dupont Expression and Regulation of the SCD2 Desaturase in the Rat Ovary Biol Reprod, January 1, 2006; 74(1): 75 - 87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Li, D. N. Grigoryev, S. Q. Ye, L. Thorne, A. R. Schwartz, P. L. Smith, C. P. O'Donnell, and V. Y. Polotsky Chronic intermittent hypoxia upregulates genes of lipid biosynthesis in obese mice J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 1643 - 1648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Li, T. Y. Nara, and M. T. Nakamura Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {alpha} is required for feedback regulation of highly unsaturated fatty acid synthesis J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2005; 46(11): 2432 - 2440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Li, L. N. Thorne, N. M. Punjabi, C.-K. Sun, A. R. Schwartz, P. L. Smith, R. L. Marino, A. Rodriguez, W. C. Hubbard, C. P. O'Donnell, et al. Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Hyperlipidemia in Lean Mice Circ. Res., September 30, 2005; 97(7): 698 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C L. Kien, J. Y Bunn, and F. Ugrasbul Increasing dietary palmitic acid decreases fat oxidation and daily energy expenditure Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2005; 82(2): 320 - 326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Scaglia and R. A. Igal Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Is Involved in the Control of Proliferation, Anchorage-independent Growth, and Survival in Human Transformed Cells J. Biol. Chem., July 8, 2005; 280(27): 25339 - 25349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Noci, F. J. Monahan, P. French, and A. P. Moloney The fatty acid composition of muscle fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture-fed beef heifers: Influence of the duration of grazing J Anim Sci, May 1, 2005; 83(5): 1167 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Dobrzyn, P. Dobrzyn, S.-H. Lee, M. Miyazaki, P. Cohen, E. Asilmaz, D. G. Hardie, J. M. Friedman, and J. M. Ntambi Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency reduces ceramide synthesis by downregulating serine palmitoyltransferase and increasing {beta}-oxidation in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2005; 288(3): E599 - E607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. M. Stylianou, M. Clinton, P. D. Keightley, C. Pritchard, Z. Tymowska-Lalanne, L. Bunger, and S. Horvat Microarray gene expression analysis of the Fob3b obesity QTL identifies positional candidate gene Sqle and perturbed cholesterol and glycolysis pathways Physiol Genomics, February 10, 2005; 20(3): 224 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S.-H. Lee, A. Dobrzyn, P. Dobrzyn, S. M. Rahman, M. Miyazaki, and J. M. Ntambi Lack of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 upregulates basal thermogenesis but causes hypothermia in a cold environment J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2004; 45(9): 1674 - 1682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. L. Palmquist, N. St-Pierre, and K. E. McClure Tissue Fatty Acid Profiles Can Be Used to Quantify Endogenous Rumenic Acid Synthesis in Lambs J. Nutr., September 1, 2004; 134(9): 2407 - 2414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Cohen and J. M. Friedman Leptin and the Control of Metabolism: Role for Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) J. Nutr., September 1, 2004; 134(9): 2455S - 2463S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Miyazaki, A. Dobrzyn, W. C. Man, K. Chu, H. Sampath, H.-J. Kim, and J. M. Ntambi Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Gene Expression Is Necessary for Fructose-mediated Induction of Lipogenic Gene Expression by Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1c-dependent and -independent Mechanisms J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 2004; 279(24): 25164 - 25171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. V. O. Hansen, N. A. Hammer, J. Nielsen, M. Madsen, C. Dalbaeck, U. M. Wewer, J. Christiansen, and F. C. Nielsen Dwarfism and Impaired Gut Development in Insulin-Like Growth Factor II mRNA-Binding Protein 1-Deficient Mice Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2004; 24(10): 4448 - 4464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Shiwaku, M. Hashimoto, K. Kitajima, A. Nogi, E. Anuurad, B. Enkhmaa, J.-M. Kim, I.-S. Kim, S.-K. Lee, T. Oyunsuren, et al. Triglyceride levels are ethnic-specifically associated with an index of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and n-3 PUFA levels in Asians J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2004; 45(5): 914 - 922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Dobrzyn, A. Dobrzyn, M. Miyazaki, P. Cohen, E. Asilmaz, D. G. Hardie, J. M. Friedman, and J. M. Ntambi Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in liver PNAS, April 27, 2004; 101(17): 6409 - 6414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Neumann-Haefelin, A. Beha, J. Kuhlmann, U. Belz, M. Gerl, M. Quint, G. Biemer-Daub, M. Broenstrup, M. Stein, E. Kleinschmidt, et al. Muscle-Type Specific Intramyocellular and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism During Starvation in Wistar Rats Diabetes, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 528 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Zhang, T. Pan, L. D. Nielsen, and R. J. Mason Lipogenesis in Fetal Rat Lung: Importance of C/EBP{alpha}, SREBP-1c, and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., February 1, 2004; 30(2): 174 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. R. Steffensen and J.-A. Gustafsson Putative Metabolic Effects of the Liver X Receptor (LXR) Diabetes, February 1, 2004; 53(90001): S36 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
X. Wang, H. Li, D. De Leo, W. Guo, V. Koshkin, I. G. Fantus, A. Giacca, C. B. Chan, S. Der, and M. B. Wheeler Gene and Protein Kinase Expression Profiling of Reactive Oxygen Species-Associated Lipotoxicity in the Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Line MIN6 Diabetes, January 1, 2004; 53(1): 129 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Castro-Chavez, V. K. Yechoor, P. K. Saha, J. Martinez-Botas, E. C. Wooten, S. Sharma, P. O'Connell, H. Taegtmeyer, and L. Chan Coordinated Upregulation of Oxidative Pathways and Downregulation of Lipid Biosynthesis Underlie Obesity Resistance in Perilipin Knockout Mice: A Microarray Gene Expression Profile Diabetes, November 1, 2003; 52(11): 2666 - 2674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. S. Heinemann, G. Korza, and J. Ozols A Plasminogen-like Protein Selectively Degrades Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase in Liver Microsomes J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 2003; 278(44): 42966 - 42975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Miyazaki, M. J. Jacobson, W. C. Man, P. Cohen, E. Asilmaz, J. M. Friedman, and J. M. Ntambi Identification and Characterization of Murine SCD4, a Novel Heart-specific Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Isoform Regulated by Leptin and Dietary Factors J. Biol. Chem., September 5, 2003; 278(36): 33904 - 33911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Sun, J. Yao, T.-W. Kim, and A. R. Tall Expression of Liver X Receptor Target Genes Decreases Cellular Amyloid {beta} Peptide Secretion J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2003; 278(30): 27688 - 27694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Abe, S. Yamashita, T. Kuramoto, Y. Hirayama, T. Tsukamoto, T. Ohta, M. Tatematsu, M. Ohki, T. Takato, T. Sugimura, et al. Global expression analysis of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced rat stomach carcinomas using oligonucleotide microarrays Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2003; 24(5): 861 - 867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Vecchini, V. Ceccarelli, P. Orvietani, P. Caligiana, F. Susta, L. Binaglia, G. Nocentini, C. Riccardi, and P. Di Nardo Enhanced expression of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in an animal model of sedentariness J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2003; 44(4): 696 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Shimada, T. Morita, and K. Sugiyama Dietary Eritadenine and Ethanolamine Depress Fatty Acid Desaturase Activities by Increasing Liver Microsomal Phosphatidylethanolamine in Rats J. Nutr., March 1, 2003; 133(3): 758 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Miyazaki, F. E. Gomez, and J. M. Ntambi Lack of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function induces a palmitoyl-CoA {Delta}6 desaturase and represses the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-3 gene in the preputial glands of the mouse J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2002; 43(12): 2146 - 2154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. D. Attie, R. M. Krauss, M. P. Gray-Keller, A. Brownlie, M. Miyazaki, J. J. Kastelein, A. J. Lusis, A. F. H. Stalenhoef, J. P. Stoehr, M. R. Hayden, et al. Relationship between stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and plasma triglycerides in human and mouse hypertriglyceridemia J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2002; 43(11): 1899 - 1907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||