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Correspondence to:
James M. Ntambi
The lipid composition of cellular membranes is regulated to maintain membrane fluidity. A key enzyme involved in this process is the membrane-bound stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cellular synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids. A proper ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids contributes to membrane fluidity. Alterations in this ratio have been implicated in various disease states including cardiovascular disease, obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, neurological diseases, immune disorders, and cancer. The regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase is therefore of considerable physiological importance and its activity is sensitive to dietary changes, hormonal imbalance, developmental processes, temperature changes, metals, alcohol, peroxisomal proliferators, and phenolic compounds. Two mouse and rat SCD genes (SCD1 and SCD2) and a single human SCD gene have been cloned and characterized. In the past several years we have studied the dietary influences on the genetic expression of the mouse stearoyl-CoA desaturase. The expression of the mouse SCD genes is regulated by polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol at the levels of transcription and mRNA stability. Promoter elements that are responsible for the polyunsaturated fatty acid repression colocalize with the promoter elements for SREBP-mediated regulation of the SCD genes.
It is the goal of this review to provide an overview of the genetic regulation of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase in response to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.—Ntambi, J. M. Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase by polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 1549;–1558.
Supplementary key words:
stearoyl-CoA desaturase, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, lipid metabolism, SREBPs, gene expression
Copyright © 1999 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Review
Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase by polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol
James M. Ntambia
a Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
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J. M. Ntambi, M. Miyazaki, J. P. Stoehr, H. Lan, C. M. Kendziorski, B. S. Yandell, Y. Song, P. Cohen, J. M. Friedman, and A. D. Attie Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function protects mice against adiposity PNAS, August 20, 2002; 99(17): 11482 - 11486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. S. Robetorye, S. D. Bohling, J. W. Morgan, G. C. Fillmore, M. S. Lim, and K. S. J. Elenitoba-Johnson Microarray Analysis of B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines with the t(14;18) J. Mol. Diagn., August 1, 2002; 4(3): 123 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Cohen, M. Miyazaki, N. D. Socci, A. Hagge-Greenberg, W. Liedtke, A. A. Soukas, R. Sharma, L. C. Hudgins, J. M. Ntambi, and J. M. Friedman Role for Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 in Leptin-Mediated Weight Loss Science, July 12, 2002; 297(5579): 240 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Kalderon, V. Sheena, S. Shachrur, R. Hertz, and J. Bar-Tana Modulation by nutrients and drugs of liver acyl-CoAs analyzed by mass spectrometry J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2002; 43(7): 1125 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Matsuzaka, H. Shimano, N. Yahagi, T. Yoshikawa, M. Amemiya-Kudo, A. H. Hasty, H. Okazaki, Y. Tamura, Y. Iizuka, K. Ohashi, et al. Cloning and characterization of a mammalian fatty acyl-CoA elongase as a lipogenic enzyme regulated by SREBPs J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 911 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Y. Jiang, M. J. Vasconcelles, S. Wretzel, A. Light, L. Gilooly, K. McDaid, C.-S. Oh, C. E. Martin, and M. A. Goldberg Mga2p Processing by Hypoxia and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Impact on LORE-Dependent Gene Expression Eukaryot. Cell, June 1, 2002; 1(3): 481 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. L. Watts and J. Browse Genetic dissection of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Caenorhabditiselegans PNAS, April 30, 2002; 99(9): 5854 - 5859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Bjorkegren, A. Beigneux, M. O. Bergo, J. J. Maher, and S. G. Young Blocking the Secretion of Hepatic Very Low Density Lipoproteins Renders the Liver More Susceptible to Toxin-induced Injury J. Biol. Chem., February 8, 2002; 277(7): 5476 - 5483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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X. X. YU, D. A. LEWIN, W. FORREST, and S. H. ADAMS Cold elicits the simultaneous induction of fatty acid synthesis and {beta}-oxidation in murine brown adipose tissue: prediction from differential gene expression and confirmation in vivo FASEB J, February 1, 2002; 16(2): 155 - 168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Miyazaki, H.-J. Kim, W. C. Man, and J. M. Ntambi Oleoyl-CoA Is the Major de Novo Product of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Gene Isoform and Substrate for the Biosynthesis of the Harderian Gland 1-Alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol J. Biol. Chem., October 12, 2001; 276(42): 39455 - 39461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Miyazaki, W. C. Man, and J. M. Ntambi Targeted Disruption of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase1 Gene in Mice Causes Atrophy of Sebaceous and Meibomian Glands and Depletion of Wax Esters in the Eyelid J. Nutr., September 1, 2001; 131(9): 2260 - 2268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Miyazaki, Y.-C. Kim, and J. M. Ntambi A lipogenic diet in mice with a disruption of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene reveals a stringent requirement of endogenous monounsaturated fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2001; 42(7): 1018 - 1024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 W.-M. Lee, M. Ishikawa, and P. Ahlquist Mutation of Host {Delta}9 Fatty Acid Desaturase Inhibits Brome Mosaic Virus RNA Replication between Template Recognition and RNA Synthesis J. Virol., March 1, 2001; 75(5): 2097 - 2106. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 Y. Nakagawa, S. Sugioka, Y. Kaneko, and S. Harashima O2R, a Novel Regulatory Element Mediating Rox1p-Independent O2 and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Repression of OLE1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Bacteriol., January 15, 2001; 183(2): 745 - 751. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Hayes Medium-chain triacylglycerols may not raise cholesterol Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2000; 72(6): 1583 - 1583. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Griinari, B. A. Corl, S. H. Lacy, P. Y. Chouinard, K. V. V. Nurmela, and D. E. Bauman Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is Synthesized Endogenously in Lactating Dairy Cows by {Delta}9-Desaturase J. Nutr., September 1, 2000; 130(9): 2285 - 2291. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Miyazaki, Y.-C. Kim, M. P. Gray-Keller, A. D. Attie, and J. M. Ntambi The Biosynthesis of Hepatic Cholesterol Esters and Triglycerides Is Impaired in Mice with a Disruption of the Gene for Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 2000; 275(39): 30132 - 30138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Xu, M. Teran-Garcia, J. H. Y. Park, M. T. Nakamura, and S. D. Clarke Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1 Expression by Accelerating Transcript Decay J. Biol. Chem., March 23, 2001; 276(13): 9800 - 9807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Samuel, R. K. Kutty, S. Nagineni, J. S. Gordon, S. M. Prouty, R. A. S. Chandraratna, and B. Wiggert Regulation of Stearoyl Coenzyme A Desaturase Expression in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Retinoic Acid J. Biol. Chem., July 27, 2001; 276(31): 28744 - 28750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. L. Watts and J. Browse Genetic dissection of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Caenorhabditiselegans PNAS, April 30, 2002; 99(9): 5854 - 5859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Bassilian, S. Ahmed, S. K. Lim, L. G. Boros, C. S. Mao, and W.-N. P. Lee Loss of regulation of lipogenesis in the Zucker diabetic rat. II. Changes in stearate and oleate synthesis Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2002; 282(3): E507 - E513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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