Original Article

Ileal bile acid transport regulates bile acid pool, synthesis, and plasma cholesterol levels differently in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits

Correspondence to: Gerald Salen

We investigated the effect of ileal bile acid transport on the regulation of classic and alternative bile acid synthesis in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits. Bile acid pool sizes, fecal bile acid outputs (synthesis rates), and the activities of cholesterol 7-hydroxylase (classic bile acid synthesis) and cholesterol 27-hydroxylase (alternative bile acid synthesis) were related to ileal bile acid transporter expression (ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, ASBT). Plasma cholesterol levels rose 2.1-times in rats (98 ± 19 mg/dl) and 31-times (986 ± 188 mg/dl) in rabbits. The bile acid pool size remained constant (55 ± 17 mg vs. 61 ± 18 mg) in rats but doubled (254 ± 46 to 533 ± 53 mg) in rabbits. ASBT protein expression did not change in rats but rose 31% (P < 0.05) in rabbits. Fecal bile acid outputs that reflected bile acid synthesis increased 2- and 2.4-times (P < 0.05) in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits, respectively. Cholesterol 7-hydroxylase activity rose 33% (24 ± 2.4 vs. 18 ± 1.6 pmol/mg/min, P < 0.01) and mRNA levels increased 50% (P < 0.01) in rats but decreased 68% and 79%, respectively, in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Cholesterol 27-hydroxylase activity remained unchanged in rats but rose 62% (P < 0.05) in rabbits. Classic bile acid synthesis (cholesterol 7-hydroxylase) was inhibited in rabbits because an enlarged bile acid pool developed from enhanced ileal bile acid transport. In contrast, in rats, cholesterol 7-hydroxylase was stimulated but the bile acid pool did not enlarge because ASBT did not change.

Therefore, although bile acid synthesis was increased via different pathways in rats and rabbits, enhanced ileal bile acid transport was critical for enlarging the bile acid pool size that exerted feedback regulation on cholesterol 7-hydroxylase in rabbits.—Xu, G., B. L. Shneider, S. Shefer, L. B. Nguyen, A. K. Batta, G. S. Tint, M. Arrese, S. Thevananther, L. Ma, S. Stengelin, W. Kramer, D. Greenblatt, M. Pcolinsky, and G. Salen. Ileal bile acid transport regulates bile acid pool, synthesis, and plasma cholesterol levels differently in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 298–304.

Supplementary key words: bile acids, absorption, biosynthesis, cholesterol 7-hydroxylase, cholesterol 27-hydroxylase

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