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Correspondence to:
Margareta A. Diczfalusy, margareta.diczfalusy{at}labtek.ki.se (E-mail)
Elevated fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) concentrations have been detected in postmortem organs from alcoholics and patients acutely intoxicated by alcohol, and FAEE have been implicated as mediators of ethanol-induced organ damage. The formation of FAEE is catalyzed by acyl-coenzyme A:ethanol O-acyltransferase (AEAT) and by FAEE synthase, which utilize acyl-CoA and free fatty acids, respectively, as substrates. Because little is known about the capacity of various human tissues to synthesize and hydrolyze FAEE, we investigated formation of FAEE by AEAT and FAEE synthase in tissue homogenates from human gastric ventricular and duodenal mucosa, pancreas, liver, heart, lung, and adipose tissue, gallbladder mucosa, and in serum. Liver, duodenal mucosa, and pancreas were found to have the highest capacities to synthesize FAEE, mainly due to AEAT. FAEE hydrolyzing activity was highest in liver and pancreas, but hardly detectable in adipose tissue or heart.
Because fatty acids and alcohol are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa, intestine may be a major site of FAEE synthesis, and FAEE may be delivered via the circulation to other organs and taken up by lipoprotein receptor-mediated uptake. A very low rate of FAEE hydrolysis was detected in heart and adipose tissue, which probably accounts for the previously observed accumulation of FAEE in these organs. — Diczfalusy, M. A., I. Björkhem, C. Einarsson, C-G. Hillebrant, and S. E. H. Alexson. Characterization of enzymes involved in formation of ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids in humans. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 1025;–1032.
Supplementary key words:
alcohol metabolism, fatty acid ethyl esters, AEAT, FAEE synthase
Copyright © 2001 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Original Article
Characterization of enzymes involved in formation of ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids in humans
Margareta A. Diczfalusya,
Ingemar Björkhema,
Curt Einarssonb,
Carl-Gustaf Hillebrantc, and
Stefan E. H. Alexsona
a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
b Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
c Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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