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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 43, 1708-1717, October 2002
Copyright © 2002 by Lipid Research, Inc.
* Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
Institute of Human Nutrition,, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: laura.liscum{at}tufts.edu
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal lipid storage disease characterized by progressive central nervous system degeneration. In cultured human NPC fibroblasts, LDL-derived cholesterol accumulates in lysosomes and endosomes, LDL-cholesterol transport from endocytic compartments to other cellular compartments is delayed, and LDL does not elicit normal homeostatic responses. Currently, there is no therapy that delays the onset of neurological symptoms or prolongs the life span of NPC children. We have developed and implemented an amphotericin B-mediated cytotoxicity assay to screen for potential therapeutic drugs that induce cholesterol movement in cultured NPC cells. NPC cells are relatively resistant to amphotericin B killing due to intracellular sequestration of cellular cholesterol. The screen was carried out using simian virus 40-transformed ovarian granulosa cells from the npc nih mouse model of NPC disease. A library of 44,240 compounds was screened and 55 compounds were identified that promote amphotericin B-mediated killing of NPC cells.
One compound, NP-27, corrected the NPC phenotype by four different measures of cholesterol homeostasis. In addition to making NPC cells more sensitive to amphotericin B, NP-27 stimulated two separate cholesterol transport pathways and restored LDL stimulation of cholesterol esterification to near normal levels.
Abbreviations: [3H]CL-LDL, LDL labeled with [3H]cholesteryl linoleate; FCLPDS, fetal calf lipoprotein-deficient serum; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; NPC, Niemann-Pick disease type C
Supplementary key words Niemann-Pick C • cholesterol • high throughput screen • cholesterol transport • amphotericin B
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