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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 43, 2007-2016, December 2002
Copyright © 2002 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Thematic Review

The triglyceride lipases of the pancreas

Mark E. Lowe¹

Departments of Pediatrics and of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: lowe{at}kids.wustl.edu

Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) and its protein cofactor, colipase, are required for efficient dietary triglyceride digestion. In addition to PTL, pancreatic acinar cells synthesize two pancreatic lipase related proteins (PLRP1 and PLRP2), which have a high degree of sequence and structural homology with PTL. PLRP1 has no known activity. PTL and PLRP2 differ in substrate specificity, behavior in bile salts and dependence on colipase. Each protein has a globular amino-terminal (N-terminal) domain, which contains the catalytic site for PTL and PLRP2, and a ß-sandwich carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) domain, which includes the predominant colipase-binding site for PTL. Inactive and active conformations of PTL have been described. They differ in the position of a surface loop, the lid domain, and of the ß5-loop. In the inactive conformation, the lid covers the active site and, upon activation by bile salt micelles and colipase or by lipid-water interfaces, the lid moves dramatically to open and configure the active site. After the lid movement, PTL and colipase create a large hydrophobic plateau that can interact with the lipid-water interface.

A hydrophobic surface loop in the C-terminal domain, the ß5' loop, may also contribute to the interfacial-binding domain of the PTL-colipase complex.

Abbreviations: C-terminal, carboxyl-terminal; 3-D, three dimensional; N-terminal, amino-terminal; PLRP1, pancreatic lipase related protein 1; PLRP2, pancreatic lipase related protein 2; PTL, pancreatic triglyceride lipase

Supplementary key words triglyceride • X-ray crystal structure • C2-domain • colipase • site directed mutagenesis

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