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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 43, 2072-2076, December 2002
Copyright © 2002 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Isomerization of stable isotopically labeled elaidic acid to cis and trans monoenes by ruminal microbes

Julie M. Proell^1,*, Erin E. Mosley^2,*, Gary L. Powell and Thomas C. Jenkins^3,*

^* Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: tjnkns{at}clemson.edu

A previous study showed that oleic acid was converted by mixed ruminal microbes to stearic acid and also converted to a multitude of trans octadecenoic acid isomers. This study traced the metabolism of one of these trans C18:1 isomers upon its incubation with mixed ruminal microbes. Unlabeled and labeled (18-[¹³C]trans-9 C18:1) elaidic acid were each added to four in vitro batch cultures with three cultures inoculated with mixed ruminal bacteria and one uninoculated culture. Samples were taken at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h and analyzed for ¹³C enrichment in component fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At 0 h of incubation, enrichment was detected only in elaidic acid. By 48 h of incubation, ¹³C enrichment was 18% (P < 0.01) for stearic acid, 7% to 30% (P < 0.01) for all trans C18:1 isomers having double bonds between carbons six through 16, and 5% to 10% for cis-9 and cis-11 monoenes. After 48 h, ¹³C enrichment in the uninoculated cultures was only detected in the added elaidic acid.

This study shows trans fatty acids exposed to active ruminal cultures are converted to stearic acid but also undergo enzymic isomerization yielding a multitude of positional and geometric isomers.

Abbreviations: APE, atom percent excess; DMDS, dimethyl disulfide; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Supplementary key words isomerization • elaidic acid • trans monoenes • ruminal microbes

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