J. Lipid Res. Avanti Polar Lipids
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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 43, 445-452, March 2002
Copyright © 2002 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Effect of hydrogenated and saturated, relative to polyunsaturated, fat on immune and inflammatory responses of adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia

Sung Nim Hana, Lynette S. Lekaa, Alice H. Lichtensteinb, Lynne M. Ausmanc, Ernst J. Schaeferb, and Simin Nikbin Meydania,d
a Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
b Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
c School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA
d Department of Pathology, Sackler Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA

Correspondence to: Simin Nikbin Meydani, To whom correspondence should be addressed., smeydani{at}hnrc.tufts.edu (E-mail)

Consumption of diets high in hydrogenated fat/trans fatty acids has been shown to have an adverse affect on lipoprotein profiles with respect to cardiovascular disease risk. Dietary fat and cholesterol play an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses shown to be involved in atherogenesis. We investigated the effects of diets containing hydrogenated fat on cellular immune response and production of inflammatory cytokines in human subjects with moderately elevated cholesterol levels (LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dl). In a double blind cross-over study, 19 subjects consumed three diets, 30% of calories as fat, of which two thirds were provided as soybean oil, soybean oil-based stick margarine, or butter for 32 days, each in a randomized order. Production of proinflammatory mediators, prostaglandin (PG)E2, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor {alpha} (TNF-{alpha}); delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, and production of IL-2 were determined. Production of IL-6 and TNF-{alpha} was significantly higher after consumption of stick margarine diet compared with soybean oil diet. IL-1ß and TNF-{alpha} production correlated positively with ratios of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (r = 0.499, P < 0.001 and r = 0.291, P = 0.04, respectively). There was no significant difference in DTH response, lymphocyte proliferation, or levels of IL-2 and PGE2 produced among three groups.

Our results indicate that consumption of a diet high in hydrogenated fat does not adversely affect cellular immunity but increases production of inflammatory cytokines that have been associated with the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. — Han, S. N., L. S. Leka, A. H. Lichtenstein, L. M. Ausman, E. J. Schaefer, and S. N. Meydani. Effect of hydrogenated and saturated, relative to polyunsaturated, fat on immune and inflammatory responses of adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia. J. Lipid Res. 2002. 43: 445–452.

Supplementary key words: dietary fat, hydrogenated fat, immune response, inflammatory response, human




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