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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 43, 762-767, May 2002
Copyright © 2002 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Significant utilization of dietary arachidonic acid is for brain adrenic acid in baboon neonates

Vasuki Wijendran^*, Peter Lawrence^*, Guan-Yeu Diau^*, G. Boehm, P. W. Nathanielsz and J. T. Brenna^1,*

^* Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University Savage Hall Ithaca, NY 14853
Laboratory for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Cornell University Savage Hall Ithaca, NY 14853
NUMICO Research Group, Bahnstraße 14-30, Friedrichsdorf, Germany

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: jtb4{at}cornell.edu

Dietary arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) utilization in-vivo for carbon recycling into de-novo lipogenesis and conversion to n-6 long chain polyunsaturates was investigated in baboon neonates using [U-¹³C]20:4n-6. Neonates consuming a formula typical of human milk received a single oral dose of [¹³C]arachidonic acid in sn-2 position of either triglyceride or phosphatidylcholine at 18–19 days of postnatal life. Neonate brain, retina, liver, and plasma were obtained 10 days later (28–29 days of life). Low isotopic enrichment (0.27–1.0%Total label) was detected in dihomo--linolenic acid (20:3n-6) in all tissues, but label incorporation into saturates or monounsaturates was not detected. In neonate brain and retina, 16% and 11% of total label was recovered in 22:4n-6, respectively. The relative contribution of dietary fatty acids to postnatal brain 22:4n-6 accretion can be estimated for dietary 20:4n-6 and preformed 22:4n-6 as 17% and 8%, respectively, corresponding to efficiencies of 0.48% and 0.54% of dietary levels, respectively. These results demonstrate in term baboon neonates that in vivo 1) 20:4n-6 was retroconverted to 20:3n-6, 2) 20:4n-6 did not contribute significantly to de novo lipogenesis of saturates and monounsaturates, and 3) the preformed 20:4n-6 contribution to brain 22:4n-6 accumulation was quantitatively a significant metabolic fate for dietary 20:4n-6.—Wijendran, V., P. Lawrence, G-Y. Diau, G. Boehm, P. W. Nathanielsz, and J. T. Brenna. Significant utilization of dietary arachidonic acid is for brain adrenic acid in baboon neonates. J. Lipid Res. 2002. 43: 762–767.

Abbreviations: CNS, central nervous system; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; LCP, long chain PUFA; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PC-20:4*, phosphatidylcholine with 20:4* in the sn-2 position and palmitate in the sn-1 position; SFA, saturated fatty acids; TG-20:4*, triglyceride with 20:4* in the sn-2 position and palmitate in the sn-1, 3 positions; 20:4*, [¹³C]arachidonic acid

Supplementary key words infant • primate • stable isotope tracer • carbon recycling • polyunsaturated fatty acids • dihomo-gamma linolenic acid

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