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Methods |
Department of Entomology and the UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: bdhammock{at}ucdavis.edu
A method for the simultaneous quantification of urinary linoleic and arachidonic acid derived epoxides and diols, as well as the arachidonate omega hydroxylated product has been developed. The method employs negative mode electrospray ionization and HPLC with tandem mass spectroscopy for quantification. Odd chain length saturated epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids are used as analytical surrogates resulting in linear calibrations (r 2 
0.9995). Standard addition analyses showed that matrix effects do not prevent these surrogates from yielding reliable quantitative results. Using 4 ml urine aliquots at a final extract volume of 100 µl and injecting 10 µl, method detection limits and limits of quantification were 
0.5 and 1.5 nM, respectively. The sensitivity for dihydroxy lipids was from 3- to 10-fold greater than the corresponding epoxy fatty acid. Shot to shot run times of 31 min were achieved.
Rodent and human urine analyses indicated the method sensitivity is sufficient for general research applications. In addition, diurnal fluctuations in linoleate and arachidonate derived metabolites were observed in human subjects.
Supplementary key words epoxy fatty acids • epoxyeicosatrienoic acid • dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid • 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid • leukotoxin • soluble epoxide hydrolase • electrospray ionization
Abbreviations: BHT, butylated hydroxy toluene; CYP, cytochrome P450; DiHET, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; DiHOME, dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid; DiHN, dihydroxynonadecanoic acid; 
, molar extinction coefficient; EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; EpHep, epoxyheptadecanoic acid; EpOME, epoxyoctadecenoic acid; 20-HE, 20-hydroxyeicosanoic acid; 20-HETE, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; IDL, instrumental detection limit; ISTD, internal standard; IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; K+Ca, calcium-dependent potassium; LOQ, limit of quantification; [M-H]-, deprotonated molecular ion; MDL, method detection limit; MS, mass spectroscopy; MS/MS, tandem quadrupole mass spectroscopy; SD, Sprague-Dawley rat; sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat; TPP, triphenyl phosphone; S:N, signal to noise ratio; SSTD, surrogate standard
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