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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 44, 986-993, May 2003
Copyright © 2003 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Effect of apoC-III gene polymorphisms on the lipoprotein-lipid profile of viscerally obese men

Charles Couillard^*,, Marie-Claude Vohl^*,, James C. Engert, Isabelle Lemieux, Alain Houde, Natalie Alméras^*,, Denis Prud'homme, André Nadeau^**, Jean-Pierre Després^*,, and Jean Bergeron^1,

^* Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
Québec Heart Institute, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5
Lipid Research Center, Laval University Medical Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
^** Diabetes Research Unit, Laval University Medical Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
Montréal Genome Center, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3G 1A4
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: jean.bergeron{at}crchul.ulaval.ca

Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (AT) accumulation is associated with an atherogenic metabolic profile that includes increased plasma triglyceride (TG), low HDL cholesterol levels, and an insulin-resistant hyperinsulinemic state. Whereas the apolipoprotein (apo) C-III C3238G gene variant, often referred to as the SstI polymorphism, has been related to variations in plasma TG concentrations, another variation within the insulin responsive element (C-482T) of the apoC-III gene has been associated with greater glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); however, these results were obtained in nonobese individuals. We therefore investigated the effects of three apoC-III gene polymorphisms, namely SstI, C-482T, and T-455C, on fasting plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels and response to a 75 g OGTT in a sample of 122 viscerally obese men (abdominal visceral AT area 130 cm²). Among the three gene variants that were examined, the SstI variation was the only one found to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Indeed, S1/S2 heterozygotes (n = 24) were characterized by increased fasting plasma TG concentrations compared with S1/S1 homozygotes (n = 98) (mean ± SD: 3.03 ± 1.58 vs. 2.34 ± 0.95 mmol/l respectively, P < 0.05). The higher TG concentrations in S1/S2 were associated with the presence of smaller, denser LDL particles compared with S1/S1 subjects (LDL peak particle diameter: 24.8 ± 0.5 nm vs. 25.1 ± 0.5 nm respectively, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no association between the response to the OGTT and any of the apoC-III gene variants (SstI, T-455C, or C-482T) examined.

Results of the present study support the notion of a hypertriglyceridemic effect associated with the apoC-III SstI polymorphism that could modulate the magnitude of the dyslipidemic state in abdominally obese patients.

Supplementary key words oral glucose tolerance test • high density lipoprotein • very low density lipoprotein • triglycerides

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