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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 44, 1545-1551, August 2003
Copyright © 2003 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Effect of a diet-induced n-3 PUFA depletion on cholinergic parameters in the rat hippocampus
* INRA, Laboratoire de Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France
INSERM U316, Laboratoire de Biophysique Médicale et Pharmaceutique, Tours, France
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: vancasse{at}jouy.inra.fr
Because brain membranes contain large amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and as (n-3) PUFA dietary deficiency can lead to impaired attention, learning, and memory performance in rodents, we have examined the influence of an (n-3) PUFA-deprived diet on the central cholinergic neurotransmission system. We have focused on several cholinergic neurochemical parameters in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats fed an (n-3) PUFA-deficient diet, compared with rats fed a control diet. The (n-3) PUFA deficiency resulted in changes in the membrane phospholipid compositions of both brain regions, with a dramatic loss (62–77%) of DHA. However, the cholinergic pathway was only modified in the hippocampus and not in the frontal cortex. The basal acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus of deficient rats was significantly (72%) higher than in controls, whereas the KCl-induced release was lower (34%). The (n-3) PUFA deprivation also caused a 10% reduction in muscarinic receptor binding. In contrast, acetylcholinesterase activity and the vesicular ACh transporter in both brain regions were unchanged.
Thus, we evidenced that an (n-3) PUFA-deficient diet can affect cholinergic neurotransmission, probably via changes in the phospholipid PUFA composition.
Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; ACh, acetylcholine; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; CNS, central nervous system; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; IBVM, iodobenzovesamicol; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PS, phosphatidylserine; ROD, relative optical density; VAChT, vesicular acetylcholine transporter
Supplementary key words 
-linolenic acid deficiency • docosahexaenoic acid • acetylcholine • frontal cortex • microdialysis
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