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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, 2123-2131, November 2004
Copyright © 2004 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Effect of increasing the expression of cholesterol transporters (StAR, MLN64, and SCP-2) on bile acid synthesis

Shunlin Ren^*, Phillip Hylemon, Dalila Marques^*, Elizabeth Hall^*, Kaye Redford^*, Gregorio Gil and William M. Pandak^1,*

^* Departments of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
Microbiology/Immunology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
Biochemistry/Molecular Biophysics, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: wmpandak{at}hsc.vcu.edu

There are two major pathways of bile acid synthesis: the "neutral" pathway, initiated by highly regulated microsomal cholesterol 7-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and an "alternative" pathway, initiated by mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1). In hepatocyte cultures, overexpression of CYP7A1 increases bile acid synthesis by >8-fold. However, overexpression of CYP27A1 in hepatocytes only increases it by 1.5-fold, suggesting that additional rate-limiting steps must be involved in the regulation of this pathway. The effects of intracellular cholesterol transport proteins on bile acid synthesis have been investigated in the current study. Under culture conditions in which the neutral pathway was inactive, selective overexpression of the gene encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), MLN64 (StAR homolog protein), and sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) led to 5.7-, 1.2-, and 1.7-fold increases, respectively, in the rates of bile acid synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes. Surprisingly, co-overexpression of MLN64 with StAR, SCP-2, or CYP7A1 blunted the upregulated bile acid synthesis by 48, 47, and 45%, respectively.

These results suggest that MLN64, in its full-length form, is not responsible for the transport of cholesterol to the mitochondria or the endoplasmic reticulum, where CYP27A1 or CYP7A1 is located, respectively.

Supplementary key words metabolism • sterol carrier protein-2 • MLN64 • sterol 27-hydroxylase • cholesterol 7-hydroxylase • steroidogenic acute regulatory protein • mitochondria

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