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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, 2339-2344, December 2004
Copyright © 2004 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Validation of deuterium-labeled fatty acids for the measurement of dietary fat oxidation during physical activity

Aarthi Raman^*, Stephane Blanc, Alexandra Adams and Dale A. Schoeller^1,*

^* Interdepartmental Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
d'Ecologie et Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: dschoell{at}nutrisci.wisc.edu

Measurement of ¹³C-labeled fatty acid oxidation is hindered by the need for acetate correction, measurement of the rate of CO₂ production in a controlled environment, and frequent collection of breath samples. The use of deuterium-labeled fatty acids may overcome these limitations. Herein, d₃₁-palmitate was validated against [1-¹³C]palmitate during exercise. Thirteen subjects with body mass index of 22.9 ± 3 kg/m² and body fat of 19.6 ± 11% were subjected to 2 or 4 h of exercise at 25% maximum volume oxygen consumption (VO_2max). The d₃₁-palmitate and [1-¹³C] palmitate were given orally in a liquid meal at breakfast. The d₃-acetate and [1-¹³C]acetate were given during another visit for acetate sequestration correction. Recovery of d₃₁-palmitate in urine at 9 h after dose was compared with [1-¹³C] palmitate recovery in breath. Cumulative recovery of d₃₁-palmitate was 10.6 ± 3% and that of [1-¹³C]palmitate was 5.6 ± 2%. The d₃-acetate and [1-¹³C]acetate recoveries were 85 ± 4% and 54 ± 4%, respectively. When [1-¹³C]acetate recovery was used to correct ¹³C data, the average recovery differences were 0.4 ± 3%. Uncorrected d₃₁-palmitate and acetate-corrected [1-¹³C]palmitate were well correlated (y = 0.96x + 0; P < 0.0001) when used to measure fatty acid oxidation during exercise.

Thus, d₃₁-palmitate can be used in outpatient settings as it eliminates the need for acetate correction and frequent sampling.

Supplementary key words substrate utilization • mass spectrometry • stable isotopes

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