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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, 474-485, March 2004
Copyright © 2004 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

A comparison of the metabolism of eighteen-carbon ¹³C-unsaturated fatty acids in healthy women

U. McCloy^1,*, M. A. Ryan^*, P. B. Pencharz^*,, R. J. Ross and S. C. Cunnane^*,,**

^* Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
School of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
^** Research Centre on Aging, Sherbrooke University Geriatric Institute, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada JIH 4C4

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: ursula.mccloy{at}utoronto.ca

Altered use of different dietary fatty acids may contribute to several chronic diseases, including obesity, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. However, few comparative data are available to support this link, so the goal of the present study was to compare the metabolism of [¹³C]oleate, [¹³C]-linolenate, [¹³C]elaidate, and [¹³C]linoleate through oxidation and incorporation into plasma lipid fractions and adipose tissue. Each tracer was given as a single oral bolus to six healthy women. Samples were collected over 8 days, and ¹³C was analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. At 9 h postdose, cumulative oxidation was similar for [¹³C]elaidate, [¹³C]oleate, and [¹³C]-linolenate (19 ± 1%, 20 ± 4%, and 19 ± 3% dose, respectively). Significantly lower oxidation of [¹³C]linoleate (12 ± 4% dose; P < 0.05) was accompanied by its higher incorporation into plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. Abdominal adipose tissue was enriched with [¹³C]-linolenate, [¹³C]elaidate, or [¹³C]linoleate within 6 h. The percentage linoleate in plasma phospholipids correlated positively with [¹³C]linoleate and [¹³C]elaidate oxidation, indicating a potential role of background diet.

Conversion of [¹³C]linoleate and [¹³C]-linolenate to longer chain polyunsaturates was a quantitatively minor route of utilization.

Abbreviations: AP, atom percent; APE, atom percent excess; AUC, area under the curve; CE, cholesteryl ester; GC-C-IRMS, gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry; PL, phospholipid; U-¹³C, uniformly carbon-13 labeled

Supplementary key words linoleic acid • -linolenic acid • elaidic acid • oleic acid • long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid • body fat • blood lipids • adipose tissue • fatty acid oxidation • dietary fat

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