J. Lipid Res. Neurobiology of Lipids (ISSN1683-5506)
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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M300521-JLR200 on February 16, 2004

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, 954-966, May 2004
Copyright © 2004 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Combined data from LDL composition and size measurement are compatible with a discoid particle shape

Tom Teerlink1,*, Peter G. Scheffer*, Stephan J. L. Bakker{dagger} and Robert J. Heine{dagger}

* Departments of Clinical Chemistry, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
{dagger} Endocrinology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: t.teerlink{at}vumc.nl

The size of LDL is usually reported as particle diameter, with the implicit assumption that it is a spherical particle. On the other hand, data obtained by cryoelectron microscopy and crystallographic analysis suggest that LDL shape may be discoid. We have investigated LDL particle geometry by combining data on LDL lipid composition with size measurement. The mean LDL diameter of 160 samples was measured by high-performance gel-filtration chromatography (HPGC), and particle volume was calculated from its lipid composition. Assuming a spherical shape, diameters calculated from volume correlated poorly with values obtained by HPGC (R2 = 0.36). Assuming a discoid shape, particle height was calculated from volume and HPGC diameter. Diameter (20.9 ± 0.5 nm) and height (12.1 ± 0.8 nm) were not significantly related to each other (r = 0.14, P = 0.09) and accounted for 23% and 77%, respectively, of the variation in particle volume. In multivariate regression models, LDL core lipids were the main determinants of height (R2 = 0.83), whereas free cholesterol in the shell, which contributes only 5–9% to LDL mass, was the main determinant of diameter (R2 = 0.54).

We conclude that combined data from composition and size measurements are compatible with a discoid particle shape and propose a structural model for LDL in which free cholesterol plays a major role in determining particle shape and diameter.

Abbreviations: apoB-100, apolipoprotein B-100; CE, cholesteryl ester; FC, free (unesterified) cholesterol; GGE, gradient gel electrophoresis; HPGC, high-performance gel-filtration chromatography; IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein; PL, phospholipid; TG, triglyceride

Supplementary key words atherosclerosis • low density lipoprotein • low density lipoprotein composition • low density lipoprotein structure • low density lipoprotein size • unesterified cholesterol


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