J. Lipid Res.
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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M400088-JLR200 on May 16, 2004

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, 1519-1527, August 2004
Copyright © 2004 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Phorbol ester promotes histone H3-Ser10 phosphorylation at the LDL receptor promoter in a protein kinase C-dependent manner

Wei Huang, Vachaspati Mishra, Sanjay Batra, Ishan Dillon and Kamal D. Mehta1

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: mehta.80{at}osu.edu

Histone modification is emerging as a major regulatory mechanism for modulating gene expression by altering the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. This study unravels the relationship between histone H3 modifications and LDL receptor induction, focusing also on routes by which phosphorylation is mediated in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. We show that while histone H3 is constitutively acetylated at LDL receptor chromatin, 12-O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) causes rapid hyperphosphorylation of histone H3 on serine 10 (histone H3-Ser10), despite global reduction in its phosphorylation levels. Ser10 hyperphosphorylation precedes LDL receptor induction and is independent of the p42/44MAPK, p38MAPK, pp90RSK, or MSK-1 cascade. Interestingly, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) blocks Ser10 hyperphosphorylation and also compromises LDL receptor induction by TPA. Consistent with its role, recombinant purified PKC phosphorylate purified histone H3-Ser10.

Collectively, our findings highlight a novel role for PKC in regulating histone H3-Ser10 phosphorylation and suggest that histone modification provides numerous regulatory opportunities to set the overall range of control attainable for LDL receptor gene induction.

Abbreviations: ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence; histone H3-Ser10, histone H3 on serine 10; Lys14, lysine 14; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK-1/2, mitogen/extracellular-regulated protein kinase kinase-1 and -2; PD98059, 2-(2'-amino-3'-methoxyphenyl)oxanaphthalene-4-one; PKC, protein kinase C; SB202190, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

Supplementary key words low density lipoprotein receptor induction • histone modification • histone H3 on serine 10 • mitogen-activated protein kinase • protein kinase C


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