HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 1, 2005
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M500178-JLR200

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Data Supplemental Data All Versions of this Article: M500178-JLR200v1 46/10/2221    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Moschetta, A. Articles by Hofmann, A. F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Moschetta, A. Articles by Hofmann, A. F. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 46, 2221-2232, October 2005
Copyright © 2005 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

A phylogenetic survey of biliary lipids in vertebrates¹,^,

Antonio Moschetta^2,*,, Fang Xu^2,, Lee R. Hagey^2,**, Gerard P. van Berge-Henegouwen^*, Karel J. van Erpecum^*, Jos F. Brouwers, Jonathan C. Cohen, Molly Bierman, Helen H. Hobbs^,, Joseph H. Steinbach^** and Alan F. Hofmann^3,**

^* Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Clinica Medica "A. Murri,", Department of Internal and Public Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
^** Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

¹ Part of this work was presented at the annual meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association (San Diego, CA, May 2000) and was published as an abstract (Gastroenterology. 2000. 118: A139).

The online version of this article (available at http://www.jlr.org) contains two additional figures and four additional tables.

Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 1, 2005. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M500178-JLR200

² A. Moschetta, F. Xu, and L. R. Hagey contributed equally to this work.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: ahofmann{at}ucsd.edu

Biliary lipids (bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, plant sterols) were determined in 89 vertebrate species (cartilaginous and bony fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals), and individual phospholipid classes were measured in 35 species. All samples contained conjugated bile salts (C₂₇ bile alcohol sulfates and/or N-acyl amidates of C₂₇ and/or C₂₄ bile acids). Phospholipids were generally absent in the bile of cartilaginous fish and reptiles and were present in low amounts relative to bile salts in bony fish and most birds. In mammals, the phospholipid-bile salt ratio varied widely. The bile from species with low biliary phospholipid-bile salt ratios often contained a high proportion of sphingomyelin, confirmed by HPLC-MS. In species with a high phospholipid-bile salt ratio, the predominant biliary phospholipid was phosphatidylcholine (PC). The phospholipid-bile salt ratio correlated weakly with the calculated weighted hydrophobic index value. Cholesterol was present in the bile of virtually all species, with plant sterols uniformly being present in only trace amounts. The cholesterol-bile salt ratio tended to be higher in mammals than in nonmammals, but bile of all species was unsaturated.

Thus, most nonmammalian vertebrates have relatively low levels of biliary phospholipid and cholesterol, suggesting that cholesterol is eliminated predominantly as bile salts. Mammals have a higher phospholipid and cholesterol to bile salt ratio, with the dominant phospholipid being PC.

Abbreviations: ABCG5, ATP binding cassette transporter G5; HI, hydrophobicity index; PC, phosphatidylcholine; RRT, relative retention time; WHI, weighted hydrophobicity index

Supplementary key words bile salts • cholesterol • gas chromatography • mass spectrometry • phosphatidylcholine • sphingomyelin

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. J. Reschly, N. Ai, S. Ekins, W. J. Welsh, L. R. Hagey, A. F. Hofmann, and M. D. Krasowski Evolution of the bile salt nuclear receptor FXR in vertebrates J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2008; 49(7): 1577 - 1587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. C. Volz, S. W. Kullman, D. L. Howarth, R. C. Hardman, and D. E. Hinton Protective Response of the Ah Receptor to ANIT-Induced Biliary Epithelial Cell Toxicity in See-Through Medaka Toxicol. Sci., April 1, 2008; 102(2): 262 - 277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Kakiyama, H. Tamegai, T. Iida, K. Mitamura, S. Ikegawa, T. Goto, N. Mano, J. Goto, P. Holz, L. R. Hagey, et al. Isolation and chemical synthesis of a major, novel biliary bile acid in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus): 15{alpha}-hydroxylithocholic acid J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2007; 48(12): 2682 - 2692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Kakiyama, T. Iida, T. Goto, N. Mano, J. Goto, T. Nambara, L. R. Hagey, C. D. Schteingart, and A. F. Hofmann Identification of a novel bile acid in swans, tree ducks, and geese: 3{alpha},7{alpha},15{alpha}-trihydroxy-5{beta}-cholan-24-oic acid J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2006; 47(7): 1551 - 1558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]