HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) An erratum has been published All Versions of this Article: R400012-JLR200v1 46/2/179    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Steinberg, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Steinberg, D. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 46, 179-190, February 2005
Copyright © 2005 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Thematic Review

Thematic review series: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy: part II: the early evidence linking hypercholesterolemia to coronary disease in humans¹

Daniel Steinberg²

Department of Medicine, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, CA

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: dsteinberg{at}ucsd.edu

The first in this series of historical reviews dealt with the pioneering animal model work of Anitschkow, implicating blood cholesterol in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and the pivotally important work of Gofman, providing evidence that lipoprotein-bound cholesterol was a major factor in the human disease. This second installment reviews the early lines of evidence linking hypercholesterolemia in humans to the progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of coronary heart disease. The argument is made that by 1970, the evidence was already strong enough to justify intervention to lower blood cholesterol levels if all the available lines of evidence had been taken into account. Yet, it would be almost two decades before lowering blood cholesterol levels became a national public health goal.

Some of the reasons the "cholesterol controversy" continued in the face of powerful evidence supporting intervention are discussed.

Supplementary key words atherosclerosis • familial hypercholesterolemia • xanthomas • epidemiologic evidence • dietary fat • diet-heart clinical intervention studies

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. R. S. Packard and P. Libby Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: From Vascular Biology to Biomarker Discovery and Risk Prediction Clin. Chem., January 1, 2008; 54(1): 24 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. F. Tacer, D. Kuzman, M. Seliskar, D. Pompon, and D. Rozman TNF-{alpha} interferes with lipid homeostasis and activates acute and proatherogenic processes Physiol Genomics, October 19, 2007; 31(2): 216 - 227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Natella, M. Nardini, F. Belelli, and C. Scaccini Coffee drinking induces incorporation of phenolic acids into LDL and increases the resistance of LDL to ex vivo oxidation in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 604 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Steinberg Thematic review series: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, part V: The discovery of the statins and the end of the controversy J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2006; 47(7): 1339 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. E. Freedland, G. E. Miller, and D. S. Sheps THE GREAT DEBATE EDITORIAL, REVISITED: RESPONSE Psychosom Med, July 1, 2006; 68(4): 638 - 640. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Steinberg Thematic review series: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, part IV: The 1984 Coronary Primary Prevention Trial ends it--almost J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2006; 47(1): 1 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Gotto Jr Evolving Concepts of Dyslipidemia, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease: The Louis F. Bishop Lecture J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 4, 2005; 46(7): 1219 - 1224. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Steinberg Thematic review series: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, part III: mechanistically defining the role of hyperlipidemia J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2005; 46(10): 2037 - 2051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-M. Li, B. H. Chung, J. B. Presley, G. Malek, X. Zhang, N. Dashti, L. Li, J. Chen, K. Bradley, H. S. Kruth, et al. Lipoprotein-like Particles and Cholesteryl Esters in Human Bruch's Membrane: Initial Characterization Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2005; 46(7): 2576 - 2586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]