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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 46, 269-280, February 2005
Copyright © 2005 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Long-chain conversion of [¹³C]linoleic acid and -linolenic acid in response to marked changes in their dietary intake in men

Nahed Hussein, Eric Ah-Sing, Paul Wilkinson, Clare Leach, Bruce A. Griffin and D. Joe Millward¹

Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: d.millward{at}surrey.ac.uk

We studied the long-chain conversion of [U-¹³C]-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) and responses of erythrocyte phospholipid composition to variation in the dietary ratios of 18:3n-3 (ALA) and 18:2n-6 (LA) for 12 weeks in 38 moderately hyperlipidemic men. Diets were enriched with either flaxseed oil (FXO; 17 g/day ALA, n = 21) or sunflower oil (SO; 17 g/day LA, n = 17). The FXO diet induced increases in phospholipid ALA (>3-fold), 20:5n-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), >2-fold], and 22:5n-3 [docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), 50%] but no change in 22:6n-3 [docosahexanoic acid (DHA)], LA, or 20:4n-6 [arachidonic acid (AA)]. The increases in EPA and DPA but not DHA were similar to those in subjects given the SO diet enriched with 3 g of EPA plus DHA from fish oil (n = 19). The SO diet induced a small increase in LA but no change in AA. Long-chain conversion of [U-¹³C]ALA and [U-¹³C]LA, calculated from peak plasma ¹³C concentrations after simple modeling for tracer dilution in subsets from the FXO (n = 6) and SO (n = 5) diets, was similar but low for the two tracers (i.e., AA, 0.2%; EPA, 0.3%; and DPA, 0.02%) and varied directly with precursor concentrations and inversely with concentrations of fatty acids of the alternative series.

[¹³C]DHA formation was very low (<0.01%) with no dietary influences.

Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; ALA, -linolenic acid; APE, atom percent excess; AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; DGLA, dihomo--linolenate; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; FXO, flaxseed oil; LA, linoleic acid; LCP, very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; SO, sunflower oil; SOF, fish oil supplementation

Supplementary key words long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid • stable isotopes • flaxseed oil

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