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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 46, 1539-1547, July 2005
Copyright © 2005 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in intact and ileorectal anastomosed pigs

José M. Martins^1,*, Michel Riottot, Manuel C. de Abreu, Ana M. Viegas-Crespo^**, Maria J. Lança, José A. Almeida, João B. Freire and Ofélia P. Bento

^* Laboratório de Metabolismo Animal, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias Mediterrânicas /Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie de la Nutrition-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bâtiment 447, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
^** Centro de Biologia Ambiental/Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, 1740-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Departamento de Produção Agrícola e Animal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

Published, JLR Papers in Press, April 16, 2005. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M500129-JLR200

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: jmartins{at}uevora.pt

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cholesterol-enriched casein (CAS) and blue lupin seed (BL) diets on the cholesterol metabolism of intact (INT) and ileorectal anastomosed (IRA) pigs. For 3 weeks, four groups of six pigs were allocated to the treatments (CAS-INT, CAS-IRA, BL-INT, and BL-IRA). Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia was inhibited by the BL through a substantial decrease in plasma LDL-cholesterol. The BL also reduced liver esterified and total cholesterol, increased hepatic LDL receptor synthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity, and stimulated intestinal bile acid reabsorption. The neutral sterol output was higher in BL- than in CAS-fed pigs. The bile acid output was lower in IRA than in INT pigs. Surgery also prevented steroid microbial transformation, but it did not influence plasma cholesterol levels.

These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of the BL, compared with the CAS, is attributable to impaired intestinal cholesterol absorption, probably involving increased bile acid reabsorption and higher contents of dietary phytosterols, both factors that reduce the micellar solubilization of cholesterol. Furthermore, according to our data, the contribution of the large intestine to cholesterol metabolism is very weak.

Abbreviations: BL, blue lupin seed diet; CAS, casein diet; CYP7A1, cholesterol 7-hydroxylase; CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase; GLC, gas-liquid chromatography; INT, intact; IRA, ileorectal anastomosed

Supplementary key words pulses • phytosterols • dietary fiber • hepatic enzymes • steroid output • steroid reabsorption

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