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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 46, 1896-1903, September 2005
Copyright © 2005 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Plasma appearance of labeled ß-carotene, lutein, and retinol in humans after consumption of isotopically labeled kale

Janet A. Novotny¹, Anne C. Kurilich, Steven J. Britz and Beverly A. Clevidence

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705

Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 16, 2005. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M400504-JLR200

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: novotnyj{at}ba.ars.usda.gov

The bioavailability of carotenoids from kale was investigated by labeling nutrients in kale with ¹³C, feeding the kale to seven adult volunteers, and analyzing serial plasma samples for labeled lutein, ß-carotene, and retinol. Ingested doses of labeled carotenoids were 34 µmol for ß-carotene and 33 µmol for lutein. Peak plasma concentrations, areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs), and percentages of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were calculated. Average peak plasma concentrations were 0.38, 0.068, and 0.079 µM for [¹³C]lutein, [¹³C]ß-carotene, and [¹³C]retinol, respectively. Average AUC values (over 28 days) were 42.8, 13.6, 13.2 µM h for [¹³C]lutein, [¹³C]ß-carotene, and [¹³C]retinol, respectively. Percentages of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were 3.6, 0.7, and 0.7% for [¹³C]lutein, [¹³C]ß-carotene, and [¹³C]retinol, respectively. A positive relationship was observed between baseline plasma retinol levels and [¹³C]retinol plasma response.

It is possible that this relationship was mediated either through some aspect of ß-carotene absorption or via the common pathways of metabolism for postdose and endogenous retinoid.

Supplementary key words bioavailability • vitamin A • liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry • Brassica oleracea

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