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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 47, 2581-2588, November 2006
Copyright © 2006 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Patient-Oriented Research

Placental triglyceride accumulation in maternal type 1 diabetes is associated with increased lipase gene expression

Marie L. S. Lindegaard^*, Peter Damm, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen and Lars B. Nielsen^1,*

^* Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 29, 2006.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: larsbo{at}rh.dk

ABSTRACT

Maternal diabetes can cause fetal macrosomia and increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood of the offspring. Although increased transplacental lipid transport could be involved, the impact of maternal type 1 diabetes on molecular mechanisms for lipid transport in placenta is largely unknown. To examine whether maternal type 1 diabetes affects placental lipid metabolism, we measured lipids and mRNA expression of lipase-encoding genes in placentas from women with type 1 diabetes (n = 27) and a control group (n = 21). The placental triglyceride (TG) concentration and mRNA expression of endothelial lipase (EL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were increased in placentas from women with diabetes. The differences were more pronounced in women with diabetes and suboptimal metabolic control than in women with diabetes and good metabolic control. Placental mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase and lysosomal lipase were similar in women with diabetes and the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed EL protein in syncytiotrophoblasts facing the maternal blood and endothelial cells facing the fetal blood in placentas from both normal women and women with diabetes. These results suggest that maternal type 1 diabetes is associated with TG accumulation and increased EL and HSL gene expression in placenta and that optimal metabolic control reduces these effects.

Supplementary key words free fatty acids • endothelial lipase • hormone sensitive lipase

Abbreviations: EL, endothelial lipase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; LAL, lysosomal acid lipase; TG, triglyceride

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