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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 47, 553-560, March 2006
Copyright © 2006 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in lactating mammary gland: role of 5 and 6 desaturases, SREBP-1, PPAR, and PGC-1

Maricela Rodriguez-Cruz^*,, Armando R. Tovar, Berenice Palacios-González, Martha del Prado^* and Nimbe Torres^1,

^* Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF 06720 Mexico
Posgrado en Ciéncias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, DF 04510, Mexico
Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, DF 14000 Mexico

Published, JLR Papers in Press, December 6, 2005.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: nimbet{at}quetzal.innsz.mx

The purpose of this work was to study whether rat lactating mammary gland can synthesize PUFAs through the expression of 5 and 6 desaturases (5D and 6D), whether these enzymes are regulated by the transcription factors sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and the coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1ß (PGC-1ß), and whether these desaturases are regulated by the lipid concentration in the diet. The results showed that on day 12 of lactation, 35% of the linoleic acid in the diet, which is the precursor of PUFAs, is transferred to the mammary gland. There was expression of 5D and 6D in mammary gland, and it was regulated by the corn oil content in the diet. The higher the corn oil content in the diet, the lower the expression of both desaturases. Induction of 5D and 6D was associated positively with similar changes in SREBP-1 and PGC-1ß. Expression of PPAR was barely detected and was not affected by the corn oil content in the diet, whereas PGC-1ß expression increased as the corn oil in the diet increased. These results indicate that the lactating mammary gland has the capacity to synthesize PUFAs and can be regulated by the lipid content in the diet.

Supplementary key words sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 • peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor • peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1

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