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J. Lipid Res.
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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M600185-JLR200 on June 25, 2006

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 47, 1940-1949, September 2006
Copyright © 2006 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Characterization of the human patatin-like phospholipase familyboxs

Paul A. Wilson1,*, Scott D. Gardner{dagger}, Natalie M. Lambie§, Stephane A. Commans** and Daniel J. Crowther*

* Bioinformatics Discovery and Analysis, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, England SG1 2NY
§ Disease and Biomarker Transcriptomics, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, England SG1 2NY
{dagger} Quantitative Expression, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA 19426
** Laboratoires GlaxoSmithKline, Centre de Recherches, 91951 Les Ulis, France

boxs The online version of this article (available at http://www.jlr.org) contains supplemental data.

Published, JLR Papers in Press, June 25, 2006.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: paw84313{at}gsk.com

Several publications have described biological roles for human patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Here, we report on the characterization and expression profiling of 10 human PNPLAs. A variety of bioinformatics approaches were used to identify and characterize all PNPLAs encoded by the human genome. The genes described represent a divergent family, most with a highly conserved ortholog in several mammalian species. In silico characterization predicts that two of the genes function as integral membrane proteins and are regulated by cAMP/cGMP. A structurally guided protein alignment of the patatin-like domain identifies a number of conserved residues in all family members. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression profile of each family member. Affymetrix-based profiling of a human preadipocyte cell line identified several members that are differentially regulated during cell differentiation. Cumulative data suggest that patatin-like genes normally expressed at very low levels are induced in response to environmental signals. Given the observed conservation of the patatin fold and lipase motif in all human PNPLAs, a single nomenclature to describe the PNPLA family is proposed.

Supplementary key words patatin-like phospholipase • adiponutrin • desnutrin • neuropathy target esterase • phospholipase A2, group VI • Intracellular membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2{gamma} • adipocyte • TaqMan • Affymetrix


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