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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 48, 86-95, January 2007
Copyright © 2007 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

High density lipoprotein subfractions: isolation, composition, and their duplicitous role in oxidation

Peter A. C. McPherson, Ian S. Young, Bronac McKibben and Jane McEneny¹

Centre for Clinical and Population Sciences, Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom

Published, JLR Papers in Press, October 25, 2006.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: j.mceneny{at}qub.ac.uk

The plasma HDLs represent a major class of cholesterol-transporting lipoprotein that can be divided into two distinct subfractions, HDL₂ and HDL₃, by ultracentrifugation. Existing methods for the subfractionation of HDL requires lengthy ultracentrifugations, making them unappealing for large-scale studies. We describe a method that subfractionates HDL from plasma in only 6 h, representing a substantial decrease in total isolation time. The subfractions so isolated were assessed for a variety of lipid and protein components, in addition to their susceptibility to oxidation, both alone and in combination with VLDL and LDL. We report for the first time a prooxidant role for HDL during VLDL oxidation, in which HDL donates preformed hydroperoxides to VLDL in a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-dependent process. Examination of the participation of HDL in LDL oxidation has reinforced its classic role as a potent antioxidant. Furthermore, we have also implicated the second major HDL-associated enzyme, LCAT, in these processes, whereby it acts as a potent prooxidant during VLDL oxidation but as an antioxidant during LDL oxidation. Thus, we have identified a potentially duplicitous role for HDL in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, attributable to both CETP and LCAT.

Supplementary key words apolipoproteins • cholesteryl ester transfer protein • lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase • lipid hydroperoxides • single radial immunodiffusion • transferrin • ultracentrifugation

Abbreviations: apo[a], apolipoprotein [a]; apoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; cHDL, crude high density lipoprotein; t_1/2max, time at half maximum (an equivalent of lag time)

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