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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M700166-JLR200 on August 2, 2007

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 48, 2396-2410, November 2007
Copyright © 2007 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Long-chain n-3 fatty acids enhance neonatal insulin-regulated protein metabolism in piglets by differentially altering muscle lipid composition

Karen Bergeron*,{dagger}, Pierre Julien§, Teresa A. Davis**, Alexandre Myre*,{dagger} and M. Carole Thivierge1,*,{dagger},{dagger}{dagger}

* Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Food Sciences and Agriculture, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
{dagger} Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Sciences and Agriculture, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
§ Lipid Research Center, Laval University Hospital Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
** United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
{dagger}{dagger} Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 2, 2007.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: c.thivierge{at}rowett.ac.uk

This study investigated the role of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs) of muscle phospholipids in the regulation of neonatal metabolism. Twenty-eight piglets were weaned at 2 days of age and raised on one of two milk formulas that consisted of either a control formula supplying 0% or a formula containing 3.5% LCn-3PUFAs until 10 or 28 days of age. There was a developmental decline in the insulin sensitivity of amino acid disposal in control pigs during the first month of life, with a slope of –2.24 µmol·kg–1·h–1 (P = 0.01) per unit of insulin increment, as assessed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps. LCn-3PUFA feeding blunted this developmental decline, resulting in differing insulin sensitivities (P < 0.001). When protein metabolism was assessed under parenteral feeding-induced hyperinsulinemia, LCn-3PUFAs reduced by 16% whole body oxidative losses of amino acids (from 238 to 231 µmol·kg–1·h–1; P = 0.06), allowing 41% more amino acids to accrete into body proteins (from 90 to 127 µmol·kg–1·h–1; P = 0.06). The fractional synthetic rate of muscle mixed proteins remained unaltered by the LCn-3PUFA feeding. However, LCn-3PUFAs retarded a developmental increase in the essential-to-nonessential amino acid ratio of the muscle intracellular free pool (P = 0.05). Overall, alterations in metabolism were concomitant with a preferential incorporation of LCn-3PUFAs into muscle total membrane phospholipids (P < 0.001), in contrast to intramuscular triglycerides. These results underscore the potential role of LCn-3PUFAs as regulators of different aspects of protein metabolism in the neonate.

Supplementary key words neonatal feeding • insulin sensitivity • phenylalanine kinetics • stable isotopes

Abbreviations: IE, isotopic enrichments; LCn-3PUFA, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; PB, protein breakdown; PS, protein synthesis


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