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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M700294-JLR200 on August 28, 2007

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 48, 2579-2586, December 2007
Copyright © 2007 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Identification of squalamine in the plasma membrane of white blood cells in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

Sang-Seon Yun and Weiming Li1

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824

Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 28, 2007.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: liweim{at}msu.edu

It is well established that innate mechanisms play an important role in the immunity of fish. Antimicrobial peptides have been isolated and characterized from several species of teleosts. Here, we report the isolation of an antimicrobial compound from the blood of bacterially challenged sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. An acetic acid extract from the blood cells of challenged fish was subjected to solid-phase extraction, cation-exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, with the purified fractions assayed for antimicrobial activity. Surprisingly, antimicrobial activity in these fractions originated from squalamine, an aminosterol previously identified in the dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias. Further chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the identity of squalamine, an antimicrobial and antiangiogenic agent, in the active fraction from the sea lamprey blood cells. Immunocytochemical analysis localized squalamine to the plasma membrane of white blood cells. Therefore, we postulate that squalamine has an important role in the innate immunity that defends the lamprey against microbial invasion. The full biochemical and immunological roles of squalamine in the white blood cell membrane remain to be investigated.

Supplementary key words aminosterol • innate immunity • neutrophils


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