HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: R700002-JLR200v1 48/5/993    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Orlean, P. Articles by Menon, A. K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Orlean, P. Articles by Menon, A. K. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 48, 993-1011, May 2007
Copyright © 2007 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Thematic Review

Thematic review series: Lipid Posttranslational Modifications. GPI anchoring of protein in yeast and mammalian cells, or: how we learned to stop worrying and love glycophospholipids

Peter Orlean^1,* and Anant K. Menon^1,

^* Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021

Published, JLR Papers in Press, March 14, 2007.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: p-orlean{at}uiuc.edu (P.O.); akm2003{at}med.cornell.edu (A.K.M.)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of cell surface proteins is the most complex and metabolically expensive of the lipid posttranslational modifications described to date. The GPI anchor is synthesized via a membrane-bound multistep pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requiring >20 gene products. The pathway is initiated on the cytoplasmic side of the ER and completed in the ER lumen, necessitating flipping of a glycolipid intermediate across the membrane. The completed GPI anchor is attached to proteins that have been translocated across the ER membrane and that display a GPI signal anchor sequence at the C terminus. GPI proteins transit the secretory pathway to the cell surface; in yeast, many become covalently attached to the cell wall. Genes encoding proteins involved in all but one of the predicted steps in the assembly of the GPI precursor glycolipid and its transfer to protein in mammals and yeast have now been identified. Most of these genes encode polytopic membrane proteins, some of which are organized in complexes. The steps in GPI assembly, and the enzymes that carry them out, are highly conserved. GPI biosynthesis is essential for viability in yeast and for embryonic development in mammals. In this review, we describe the biosynthesis of mammalian and yeast GPIs, their transfer to protein, and their subsequent processing.

Supplementary key words glycosyltransferase • flippase • dolichol • phosphatidylethanolamine • phosphatidylinositol • endoplasmic reticulum • cell wall • glycosylphosphatidylinositol

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. Kinoshita, M. Fujita, and Y. Maeda Biosynthesis, Remodelling and Functions of Mammalian GPI-anchored Proteins: Recent Progress J. Biochem., September 1, 2008; 144(3): 287 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Signorell, M. Rauch, J. Jelk, M. A. J. Ferguson, and P. Butikofer Phosphatidylethanolamine in Trypanosoma brucei Is Organized in Two Separate Pools and Is Synthesized Exclusively by the Kennedy Pathway J. Biol. Chem., August 29, 2008; 283(35): 23636 - 23644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. A. Grabinska, S. K. Ghosh, Z. Guan, J. Cui, C. R. H. Raetz, P. W. Robbins, and J. Samuelson Dolichyl-Phosphate-Glucose Is Used To Make O-Glycans on Glycoproteins of Trichomonas vaginalis Eukaryot. Cell, August 1, 2008; 7(8): 1344 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Ashok and R. S. Hegde Retrotranslocation of Prion Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum by Preventing GPI Signal Transamidation Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 2008; 19(8): 3463 - 3476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Signorell, J. Jelk, M. Rauch, and P. Butikofer Phosphatidylethanolamine Is the Precursor of the Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerol Moiety Bound to Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2008; 283(29): 20320 - 20329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Wilson, Q. Roebuck, and S. High Ribophorin I regulates substrate delivery to the oligosaccharyltransferase core PNAS, July 15, 2008; 105(28): 9534 - 9539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-L. Chen, S. Kauffman, and T. B. Reynolds Candida albicans Uses Multiple Mechanisms To Acquire the Essential Metabolite Inositol during Infection Infect. Immun., June 1, 2008; 76(6): 2793 - 2801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kajiwara, R. Watanabe, H. Pichler, K. Ihara, S. Murakami, H. Riezman, and K. Funato Yeast ARV1 Is Required for Efficient Delivery of an Early GPI Intermediate to the First Mannosyltransferase during GPI Assembly and Controls Lipid Flow from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2008; 19(5): 2069 - 2082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Umemura, M. Fujita, T. Yoko-o, A. Fukamizu, and Y. Jigami Saccharomyces cerevisiae CWH43 Is Involved in the Remodeling of the Lipid Moiety of GPI Anchors to Ceramides Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2007; 18(11): 4304 - 4316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]