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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 49, 2055-2062, September 2008
Copyright © 2008 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Methods

Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by ¹H NMR at 7 Tesla^*

Jimin Ren^*,, Ivan Dimitrov^*,, A. Dean Sherry^*,,** and Craig R. Malloy^1,*,,,

^* Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
^** Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083
Veterans Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216
Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH 44143

^* This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant RR-02584) and the Department of Defense (Contract number W81XWH-06-2-0046).

Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 28, 2008.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: Craig.Malloy{at}UTSouthwestern.edu

Proton NMR spectroscopy at 7 Tesla (7T) was evaluated as a new method to quantify human fat composition noninvasively. In validation experiments, the composition of a known mixture of triolein, tristearin, and trilinolein agreed well with measurements by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Triglycerides in calf subcutaneous tissue and tibial bone marrow were examined in 20 healthy subjects by ¹H spectroscopy. Ten well-resolved proton resonances from triglycerides were detected using stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence and small voxel (0.1 ml), and T₁ and T₂ were measured. Triglyceride composition was not different between calf subcutaneous adipose tissue and tibial marrow for a given subject, and its variation among subjects, as a result of diet and genetic differences, fell in a narrow range. After correction for differential relaxation effects, the marrow fat composition was 29.1 ± 3.5% saturated, 46.4 ± 4.8% monounsaturated, and 24.5 ± 3.1% diunsaturated, compared with adipose fat composition, 27.1 ± 4.2% saturated, 49.6 ± 5.7% monounsaturated, and 23.4 ± 3.9% diunsaturated. Proton spectroscopy at 7T offers a simple, fast, noninvasive, and painless method for obtaining detailed information about lipid composition in humans, and the sensitivity and resolution of the method may facilitate longitudinal monitoring of changes in lipid composition in response to diet, exercise, and disease.

Supplementary key words fatty acids • triglycerides • spectroscopy • metabolism • bone marrow • subcutaneous fat • musculoskeletal • lipid composition • in vivo

Abbreviations: BW, bandwidth; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NA, number of acquisitions; NP, number of points; PRESS, point-resolved spectroscopy; STEAM, stimulated echo acquisition mode; 7T, 7 Tesla; TE, echo time; TR, repetition time

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