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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 50, 2036-2045, October 2009
Copyright © 2009 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Modulation of paraoxonase 1 and 3 expression after moderate exercise training in the rat

Rita Romani^*,**, Gianna Evelina De Medio^,**, Simona di Tullio, Rosa Lapalombella, Irene Pirisinu^*, Vittoria Margonato, Arsenio Veicsteinas^,, Marina Marini and Gabriella Rosi^1,*,**

^* Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
Department of Histology, Embryology, and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
^** Motor and Sport Activity Laboratory, University of Perugia, Via Bambagioni, 06126 Perugia, Italy
Institute of Physical Exercise, Health and Sport Activities, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Center of Sport Medicine, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: grosi{at}unipg.it

Paraoxonases (PONs) are a small family of antioxidant enzymes whose antiatherogenic activity is well known. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effects of moderate aerobic training on their expression using a rat model. In order to discriminate between PON1 and PON3 enzymatic activity, we took advantage of some differences in their substrate preferences. PON1 and PON3 enzymatic activities and their protein levels were analyzed in plasma and in liver microsomes, and their mRNA levels in the liver. Exercise training did not affect PON1 expression or enzymatic activity but increased PON3 mRNA, protein levels, and enzymatic activity. Training also induced variations in plasma membrane composition, including an increase in polyunsaturated and a decrease in mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, acute exercise inhibited PON activities while increasing PON3 protein content in liver microsomes and reversing the relative composition in mono-, di-, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that physical stress, by altering membrane composition, may impair PON release from liver membranes. In conclusion, we documented, for the first time, the presence of PON3 in rat serum and, notably, found that the upregulation of PON3, rather than PON1, appears to be associated with physical training.

Supplementary key words arylesterase • carboxylesterase • lactonase • membrane phospholipids • mild exercise training • protein expression • real-time PCR

Abbreviations: CE, carboxylesterase; DHC, dihydrocoumarin; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PL, phospholipid; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride; PON, paraoxonase; PS, phosphatidylserine; SF, sphingomyelin; T, trained animals; TS, trained animals assigned to stress; U, sedentary controls; US, sedentary controls assigned to stress; WB, western blot

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