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J. Lipid Res.
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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.R001446 on August 20, 2009

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 50, 2148-2156, November 2009
Copyright © 2009 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Thematic Review

Demonstrated and inferred metabolism associated with cytosolic lipid droplets

Joel M. Goodman1

Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas TX 75390-9041

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: Joel.Goodman{at}UTSouthwestern.edu

Cytosolic lipid droplets were considered until recently to be rather inert particles of stored neutral lipid. Largely through proteomics is it now known that droplets are dynamic organelles and that they participate in several important metabolic reactions as well as trafficking and interorganellar communication. In this review, the role of droplets in metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fly Drosophila melanogaster, and several mammalian sources are discussed, particularly focusing on those reactions shared by these organisms. From proteomics and older work, it is clear that droplets are important for fatty acid and sterol biosynthesis, fatty acid activation, and lipolysis. However, many droplet-associated enzymes are predicted to span a membrane two or more times, which suggests either that droplet structure is more complex than the current model posits, or that there are tightly bound membranes, particularly derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, which account for the association of several of these proteins.

Abbreviations: ATGL, adipocyte triglyceride lipase; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; DAG, diacylglycerol; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; 17HSD, 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; MAM, mitochondrially associated membrane; PKA, protein kinase A; TAG, triacylglycerol; TGL, triglyceride lipase


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