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J. Lipid Res.
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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M900223-JLR200 on July 2, 2009 Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M900223-JLR200 on July 1, 2009

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 50, 2463-2470, December 2009
Copyright © 2009 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Whole-body synthesis secretion of docosahexaenoic acid from circulating eicosapentaenoic acid in unanesthetized rats

Fei Gao1,*, Dale Kiesewetter{dagger}, Lisa Chang*, Kaizong Ma*, Stanley I. Rapoport* and Miki Igarashi*

* Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
{dagger} Positron Emission Tomography Radiochemistry Group, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: gaof{at}mail.nih.gov

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) are considered important for maintaining normal heart and brain function, but little EPA is found in brain, and EPA cannot be elongated to DHA in rat heart due to the absence of elongase-2. Ingested EPA may have to be converted in the liver to DHA for it to be fully effective in brain and heart, but the rate of conversion is not agreed on. This rate was determined in male adult rats fed a standard n-3 PUFA, containing diet by infusing unesterified albumin-bound [U-13C]EPA intravenously for 2 h and measuring esterified [13C]labeled PUFAs in arterial plasma lipoproteins, as well as the specific activity of unesterified plasma EPA. Whole-body (presumably hepatic) synthesis secretion rates from circulating unesterified EPA, calculated from peak first derivatives of plasma esterified concentration x volume curves, equaled 2.61 µmol/day for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) and 5.46 µmol/day for DHA. The DHA synthesis rate was 24-fold greater than the reported brain DHA consumption rate in rats. Thus, dietary EPA could help to maintain brain and heart DHA homeostasis because it is converted at a relatively high rate in the liver to circulating DHA.

Supplementary key words stable isotopes • liver • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid • brain • diet

Abbreviations: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; {alpha}-LNA, {alpha}-linolenic acid; PFB, pentafluorobenzyl


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