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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 50, S120-S125, April 2009
Copyright © 2009 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Metabolism

Fifty years of advances in bile acid synthesis and metabolism

David W. Russell¹

Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9046

Research in the author's laboratory is supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P01 HL-20948 and PL1 DK-81182, and by grants from the Robert A. Welch Foundation (I-0971) and the Perot Family Fund.

Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 24, 2008.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: david.russell{at}utsouthwestern.edu

ABSTRACT

There are two major pathways that mammalian cells use to supply themselves with cholesterol, one involving the synthesis of sterols from acetyl-CoA and the other the metabolism of cholesterol-rich lipoprotein particles via receptor-mediated endocytosis. There also are several pathways that mammalian cells use to break down cholesterol, and these disposal pathways are equal in physiological importance to the supply pathways. A major catabolic route involves conversion of cholesterol into conjugated bile salts, a transformation mediated by 16 or more liver enzymes. This review highlights findings in cholesterol catabolism from the last five decades with special emphasis on advances in bile acid synthesis, transport, and regulation.

Supplementary key words cholesterol • catabolism • liver • transporters • nuclear receptors

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