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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 50, S352-S357, April 2009
Copyright © 2009 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Atherogenesis

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis

Peter Libby¹

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

The author receives support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, and Fondation Leducq. The author serves as an unpaid consultant for AstraZeneca.

Published, JLR Papers in Press, December 18, 2008.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: plibby{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu

ABSTRACT

Clinicians have traditionally regarded the complications of atherosclerosis as a consequence of progressive arterial stenosis leading to critical narrowings that impede blood flow. Our contemporary understanding of the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis has undergone a transformation based on a body of observations by pathologists and clinicians. In the late 1980s, clinicians had to confront the counterintuitive notion that plaques that cause acute myocardial infarction often do not produce high-grade stenoses (Smith, S. C., Jr. 1996. Risk-reduction therapy: the challenge to change. Circulation. 93: 2205–2211.). Observations from serial angiographic studies and on culprit lesions of acute myocardial infarction postthrombolysis highlighted this apparent paradox. These contrarian clinical findings prompted cardiologists to consider more carefully the findings of generations of pathologists that plaques that cause fatal coronary thrombi often result from a physical disruption of the atheromatous plaque that may not indeed cause critical arterial narrowing. This convergence of clinical and pathological observations highlighted the importance of understanding the mechanisms of disruption of plaques that can precipitate thromboses.

Supplementary key words plaque rupture • atheroma • acute coronary syndromes

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; IFN-, inflammatory mediator interferon-; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase

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